薛云飞,赵威,王永超,焦玉国,顾凯,于信晨
XUE Yunfei,ZHAO Wei,WANG Yongchao,JIAO Yuguo,GU Kai,YU Xinchen

• 1:多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室
• 2:中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

松辽盆地北部青山口组是页岩油勘探的重要目标层系，为揭示青山口组页岩微观结构在三维空间随成岩阶段的动态演化规律，采用聚焦离子束-扫描电镜（FIB-SEM）三维重构技术，对覆盖早成岩至中成岩B期页岩样品的有机质、储集空间微观展布样式及孔隙结构进行三维表征和定量分析。结果表明：青山口组页岩孔隙系统由早成岩阶段的压实残余原生无机孔主导，逐步转变为中成岩A期有机孔与黏土晶间孔共生，最终至中成岩B期由有机孔主导；有机质形态呈现出由原生条带状向固态沥青块状，最终向有机-黏土复合状演化的规律；孔隙平均孔径从98 nm减小至41～49 nm，孔径分布由早成岩期的双峰特征转变为中成岩期后的单峰模式，孔隙连通性显著改善，宏孔平均配位数从0.22增至0.82。研究成果在三维空间上揭示了青山口组页岩“有机质演化—孔隙生成”的协同演化模式，为深化页岩油储层形成机理认识提供了重要的理论技术支撑。
Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin is the key target strata series for shale oil exploration. To reveal the dynamic evolution patterns of Qingshankou Formation shale microstructure in three-dimensional(3D) space during different diagenetic stages, 3D reconstruction technology of Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy(FIB-SEM) is applied to characterize and quantitatively analyze the organic matter, micro-distribution of reservoir spaces and pore structure of shale samples covering early diagenetic stage to middle diagenetic stage(B period). The results indicate that the pore system of Qingshankou Formation shale evolves from being dominated by compacted residual primary inorganic pores during early diagenetic stage, to coexisting organic pores and clay intercrystalline pores in middle diagenetic A period, and finally to organic pores-dominated in middle diagenetic B period. Organic matter morphology exhibits evolutionary patterns from primary stripped form, to solid bituminous mass, and ultimately to organic-clay composite structure. The average pore diameter decreases from 98 nm to 41-49 nm, with pore size distribution shifting from bimodal pattern in early diagenetic stage to unimodal pattern in middle diagenetic stage. Furthermore, pore connectivity improves significantly, with average macropore coordination number increased from 0.22 to 0.82. The research reveals a co-evolution model of “ organic matter evolution-pore generation” of Qingshankou Formation shale in 3D space, providing crucial theoretical and technical support for deepening the understanding of shale oil reservoir formation mechanisms.

关键词(KeyWords)： 页岩;微观结构;演化特征;FIB-SEM;三维重构;青山口组;松辽盆地
shale;microstructure;evolutionary characteristics;FIB-SEM;3D reconstruction;Qingshankou Formation;Songliao Basin

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家科技重大专项“泥纹型页岩油甜点评价与规模增储技术集成”（2024ZD1404901）

作者(Author): 薛云飞,赵威,王永超,焦玉国,顾凯,于信晨
XUE Yunfei,ZHAO Wei,WANG Yongchao,JIAO Yuguo,GU Kai,YU Xinchen

DOI: 10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202509052

参考文献(References)：

• [1]赵喆，白斌，刘畅，等.中国石油陆上中-高成熟度页岩油勘探现状、进展与未来思考[J].石油与天然气地质，2024,45(2):327-340.ZHAO Zhe, BAI Bin, LIU Chang, et al. Current status, advances,and prospects of CNPC’s exploration of onshore moderately to highly mature shale oil reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2024,45(2):327-340.
• [2]肖斌，郭东旭，冯明飞，等.渝东北五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩有机质富集主控因素[J].断块油气田，2024,31(1):18-25,49.XIAO Bin,GUO Dongxu,FENG Mingfei,et al. Main controlling factors for organic matter enrichment in black shale of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in northeast Chongqing[J]. FaultBlock Oil&Gas Field,2024,31(1):18-25,49.
• [3] LOUCKS R G,REED R M,RUPPEL S C,et al. Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(6):1071-1098.
• [4]周志军，张国青，崔春雪，等.页岩储层孔隙结构表征及物性下限确定方法及应用[J].特种油气藏，2024,31(4):96-102.ZHOU Zhijun,ZHANG Guoqing,CUI Chunxue,et al. Methods and applications for characterizing pore structure and determining physical property lower limit in shale reservoirs[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2024,31(4):96-102.
• [5]朱越，伍顺伟，邓玉森，等.玛湖凹陷风城组储集层孔喉结构及流体赋存特征[J].新疆石油地质，2024,45(3):286-295.ZHU Yue,WU Shunwei,DENG Yusen,et al. Pore throat structures and fluid occurrences of reservoirs in Fengcheng Formation,Mahu Sag[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2024,45(3):286-295.
• [6]刘印华，杨英，马文涛，等.海陆过渡相页岩孔隙结构表征及页岩气渗流规律模拟[J].断块油气田，2024,31(2):207-215.LIU Yinhua, YANG Ying, MA Wentao, et al. Pore structure characterization of marine-continental transitional shale and seepage law simulation of shale gas[J]. Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2024,31(2):207-215.
• [7]崔宝文，王瑞，白云风，等.古龙页岩油勘探开发进展及发展对策[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2024,43(4):125-136.CUI Baowen,WANG Rui,BAI Yunfeng,et al. Exploration and development progress and development strategies of Gulong shale oil[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2024,43(4):125-136.
• [8]张安达，王继平，王永超，等.松辽盆地古龙页岩储集空间类型及油赋存状态[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2021,40(5):68-77.ZHANG Anda,WANG Jiping,WANG Yongchao,et al. Reservoir space types and oil occurrence of Gulong shale in Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2021,40(5):68-77.
• [9]冯子辉，霍秋立，曾花森，等.松辽盆地古龙页岩有机质组成与有机质孔形成演化[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2021,40(5):40-55.FENG Zihui,HUO Qiuli,ZENG Huasen,et al. Organic matter compositions and organic pore evolution in Gulong shale of Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2021,40(5):40-55.
• [10]冯子辉，柳波，邵红梅，等.松辽盆地古龙地区青山口组泥页岩成岩演化与储集性能[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2020,39(3):72-85.FENG Zihui, LIU Bo, SHAO Hongmei, et al. The diagenesis evolution and accumulating performance of the mud shale in Qingshankou Formation in Gulong area, Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2020, 39(3):72-85.
• [11]邵红梅，高波，潘会芳，等.松辽盆地古龙页岩成岩-孔隙演化[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2021,40(5):56-67.SHAO Hongmei, GAO Bo, PAN Huifang, et al. Diagenesispore evolution for Gulong shale in Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2021, 40(5):56-67.
• [12]陈鸿安，付兰清.松辽盆地青山口组页岩油储层孔隙结构对渗吸特征影响[J].特种油气藏，2025,32(3):94-103.CHEN Hongan,FU Lanqing. Impact of pore structure on imbibition characteristics in Qingshankou Formation shale oil reservoirs,Songliao Basin[J]. Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs, 2025, 32(3):94-103.
• [13] MISCH D,MENDEZ-MARTIN F,HAWRANEK G,et al. SEM and FIB-SEM investigations on potential gas shales in the DnieprDonets Basin(Ukraine):Pore space evolution in organic matter during thermal maturation[J]. IOP Conference Series:Materials Science and Engineering,2016,109(1):012010.
• [14]马勇，钟宁宁，程礼军，等.渝东南两套富有机质页岩的孔隙结构特征：来自FIB-SEM的新启示[J].石油实验地质，2015,37(1):109-116.MA Yong,ZHONG Ningning,CHENG Lijun,et al. Pore structure of two organic-rich shales in southeastern Chongqing area:Insight from Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope(FIB-SEM)[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment, 2015, 37(1):109-116.
• [15]张梦雅，李严严，左通，等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7段富有机质页岩微观结构特征[J].世界石油工业，2024,31(6):38-45.ZHANG Mengya,LI Yanyan,ZUO Tong,et al. Microstructural characterization of organic-rich shale in Ordos Yanchang Formation[J].World Petroleum Industry,2024,31(6):38-45.
• [16]赵圣贤，刘勇，李博，等.四川盆地泸州区块五峰组―龙马溪组页岩气储层孔隙连通性特征及模式[J].石油与天然气地质，2024,45(6):1720-1735.ZHAO Shengxian,LIU Yong,LI Bo,el al. Characteristics and patterns of the pore connectivity in shale gas reservoirs in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, Luzhou block, Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2024,45(6):1720-1735.
• [17]范青青，刘达东，许名扬，等.黔北地区下古生界页岩有机质孔隙结构特征及三维重构[J].石油科学通报，2025,10(2):361-377.FAN Qingqing, LIU Dadong, XU Mingyang, et al. Structure characteristics and three-dimensional reconstruction of organic matter pores in Lower Paleozoic shales of the northern Guizhou Province,southwestern China[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2025,10(2):361-377.
• [18]王朋飞，吕鹏，姜振学，等.中国海陆相页岩有机质孔隙发育特征对比：基于聚焦离子束氦离子显微镜（FIB-HIM）技术[J].石油实验地质，2018,40(5):739-748.WANG Pengfei,L??Peng,JIANG Zhenxue,et al. Comparison of organic matter pores of marine and continental facies shale in China:Based on Focused Ion Beam Helium Ion Microscopy(FIB-HIM)[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2018,40(5):739-748.
• [19]范雨辰，刘可禹，蒲秀刚，等.页岩储集空间微观形态分类及三维结构重构：以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷古近系孔店组二段为例[J].石油勘探与开发，2022,49(5):943-954.FAN Yuchen, LIU Keyu, PU Xiugang, et al. Morphological classification and three-dimensional pore structure reconstruction of shale oil reservoirs:A case from the second member of Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,East China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2022,49(5):943-954.
• [20]于强，王宝江，张禄明，等.深度学习技术在油气勘探中的研究进展与应用挑战[J].天然气工业，2025,45(5):43-56.YU Qiang,WANG Baojiang,ZHANG Luming,et al. Research progress and application challenges of deep learning technology in oil and gas exploration[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2025, 45(5):43-56.
• [21]蒙启安，张金友，吴伟，等.松辽盆地北部青山口组夹层型页岩油形成地质条件及勘探潜力[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2024,43(3):38-48.MENG Qi’an,ZHANG Jinyou,WU Wei,et al. Geological conditions and exploration potential of interbedded shale oil in Qingshankou Formation of northern Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2024, 43(3):38-48.
• [22]高波，何文渊，冯子辉，等.松辽盆地古龙页岩岩性、物性、含油性特征及控制因素[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2022,41(3):68-79.GAO Bo,HE Wenyuan,FENG Zihui,et al. Lithology,physical property,oil-bearing property and their controlling factors of Gulong shale in Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2022,41(3):68-79.
• [23]柳波，蒙启安，付晓飞，等.松辽盆地白垩系青山口组一段页岩生、排烃组分特征及页岩油相态演化[J].石油与天然气地质，2024,45(2):406-419.LIU Bo,MENG Qi’an,FU Xiaofei,et al. Composition of generated and expelled hydrocarbons and phase evolution of shale oil in the 1st member of Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2024,45(2):406-419.
• [24]冯子辉，霍秋立，曾花森，等.松辽盆地古龙页岩地球化学特征与油气资源评价方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2025,44(3):1-10.FENG Zihui, HUO Qiuli, ZENG Huasen, et al. Geochemical characteristics of Gulong shale in Songliao Basin and evaluation methods for oil and gas resources[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2025,44(3):1-10.