刘百龙,张永平,周晓峰,杨英,黄崇桂,杜贵涛
LIU Bailong,ZHANG Yongping,ZHOU Xiaofeng,YANG Ying,HUANG Chonggui,DU Guitao

• 1:多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室
• 2:中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司采油工艺研究院
• 3:黑龙江省油气藏增产增注重点实验室
• 4:东北石油大学非常规油气研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

页岩储层应力敏感性强，为提升页岩油压裂改造效果，裂缝簇间距优化应考虑应力敏感性对产能影响。通过应力敏感实验，分析页岩孔隙度和渗透率与有效应力关系，应用有限元方法，建立页岩孔渗-应力-产能模型，根据不同簇间距下应力与产能的变化关系，确定最优裂缝簇间距。结果表明：页岩具有应力敏感性强，且孔隙度和渗透率在增压与降压过程中的变化存在明显差异；当增压过程中有效应力从2.5 MPa升至40.0 MPa时，孔隙度和渗透率分别降低40.0%和97.8%，降压后孔隙度和渗透率存在部分不可逆损伤；当有效应力从40.0 MPa降至2.5 MPa时，孔隙度、渗透率分别存在23.7%、93.0%的不可逆损伤；日产油量随着裂缝间距的缩小而增大，当裂缝间距超过15 m后，日产油量增加趋势不明显，最优裂缝簇间距为10～15 m。研究成果可为松辽盆地古龙页岩油储层压裂簇间距研究提供理论基础，对页岩油高效开采具有重要意义。
Shale reservoirs are characterized by high stress sensitivity. In order to improve the effect of shale oil fracturing, the impact of stress sensitivity on productivity should be considered in fracture cluster spacing optimization. Through stress sensitivity experiments, the relationship between porosity and permeability vs. effective stress is analyzed. Finite-element method is used to establish a porosity-permeability-stress-production model. Based on the variation of stress and productivity under different cluster spacings, the optimal fracture cluster spacing is determined. The results show that shale has high stress sensitivity, with obvious variation differences shown in porosity and permeability during pressurization and depressurization. When the effective stress increases from 2.5 MPa to 40.0 MPa, porosity and permeability decrease by 40.0% and 97.8%, respectively. After depressurization, porosity and permeability are partially irreversible, with irreversible loss of 23.7% and 93.0% when the effective stress decreases from 40.0 MPa to 2.5 MPa. Daily oil production increases with the decrease of fracture spacing. However, when fracture spacing is >15 m, the increasing trend of daily oil production is not obvious, with optimal fracture cluster spacing of 10～15 m. The research provides theoretical basis for the study of fracture cluster spacing of Gulong shale oil reservoirs in Songliao Basin, being of great significance to efficient development of shale oil.

关键词(KeyWords)： 应力敏感;裂缝簇间距;裂缝参数优化;应力干扰;孔渗应力敏感
stress sensitivity;fracture cluster spacing;fracture parameter optimization;stress interference;porosity-permeability stress sensitivity

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国博士后科学基金项目“油田尺度陆相页岩油超临界二氧化碳压裂诱导裂缝特征研究”（2024M750334）

作者(Author): 刘百龙,张永平,周晓峰,杨英,黄崇桂,杜贵涛
LIU Bailong,ZHANG Yongping,ZHOU Xiaofeng,YANG Ying,HUANG Chonggui,DU Guitao

DOI: 10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202509042

参考文献(References)：

• [1]刘忠宝，沈臻欢，李鹏，等.陆相页岩油岩相与储层孔隙特征及影响因素[J]．中国石油勘探，2025,30(5):67-85.LIU Zhongbao, SHEN Zhenhuan, LI Peng, et al. Characteristics and influencing factors of continental shale oil lithofacies and reservoir pores[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2025,30(5):67-85.
• [2]郭旭升，马晓潇，黎茂稳，等.陆相页岩油富集机理探讨[J].石油与天然气地质，2023,44(6):1333-1349.GUO Xusheng, MA Xiaoxiao, LI Maowen, et al. Mechanisms for lacustrine shale oil enrichment in Chinese sedimentary basins[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2023,44(6):1333-1349.
• [3]刘合，孟思炜，王素玲，等.古龙页岩力学特征与裂缝扩展机理[J].石油与天然气地质，2023,44(4):820-828.LIU He,MENG Siwei,WANG Suling,et al. Mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation mechanisms of the Gulong shale[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2023,44(4):820-828.
• [4]刘合，黄有泉，蔡萌，等.松辽盆地古龙页岩油储集层压裂改造工艺实践与发展建议[J].石油勘探与开发，2023,50(3):603-612.LIU He,HUANG Youquan,CAI Meng,et al. Practice and development suggestions of hydraulic fracturing technology in the Gulong shale oil reservoirs of Songliao Basin, NE China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023, 50(3):603-612.
• [5]高占武，屈雪峰，黄天镜，等.鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油储层应力敏感性分析及水平井返排制度优化[J].天然气地球科学，2021,32(12):1867-1873.GAO Zhanwu, QU Xuefeng, HUANG Tianjing, et al. Stress sensitivity analysis and optimization of horizontal well flowback system for shale oil reservoir in Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2021,32(12):1867-1873.
• [6]曹耐，雷刚.致密储集层加压-卸压过程应力敏感性[J].石油勘探与开发，2019,46(1):132-138.CAO Nai, LEI Gang. Stress sensitivity of tight reservoir during pressure loading and unloading process[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2019,46(1):132-138.
• [7]王鸣川，王燃，岳慧，等.页岩油微观渗流机理研究进展[J].石油实验地质，2024,46(1):98-110.WANG Mingchuan, WANG Ran, YUE Hui, et al. Research progress of microscopic percolation mechanism of shale oil[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2024,46(1):98-110.
• [8] LI S M,ZHAO H,CHENG T,et al. The analysis of hydraulic fracture morphology and connectivity under the effect of well interference and natural fracture in shale reservoirs[J]. Processes,2023,11(9):2627.
• [9]侯冰，常智，武安安，等．吉木萨尔凹陷页岩油密切割压裂多簇裂缝竞争扩展模拟[J]．石油学报，2022,43(1):75-90.HOU Bing,CHANG Zhi,WU An’an,et al. Simulation of competitive propagation of multi-fractures on shale oil reservoir multiclustered fracturing in Jimsar sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2022,43(1):75-90.
• [10]杨海心，朱海燕，刘尧文，等.多层多期次立体加密井组水力压裂参数优化：以四川盆地页岩气三层立体开发井组为例[J].石油勘探与开发，2025,52(3):724-733.YANG Haixin,ZHU Haiyan,LIU Yaowen,et al. Optimization of fracturing parameters in multi-layer and multi-period cube development infill well pad:A case study on a three-layer cube development well pad of Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2025,52(3):724-733.
• [11]匡立春，吴松涛，邢浩婷，等.陆相页岩油规模产出的关键参数与评价方法[J].石油勘探与开发，2025,52(4):782-791.KUANG Lichun, WU Songtao, XING Haoting, et al. Key parameters and evaluation methods for large-scale production of lacustrine shale oil[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2025,52(4):782-791.
• [12]王强，王玉丰，胡永全，等.深层页岩气井拉链式压裂裂缝扩展及窜通规律[J].石油勘探与开发，2024,51(5):1141-1149.WANG Qiang, WANG Yufeng, HU Yongquan, et al. The law of fracture propagation and connection interference in zipper fracturing of deep shale gas wells[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2024,51(5):1141-1149.
• [13]邹雨时，李彦超，杨灿，等.页岩水平井多簇喷砂射孔暂堵转向压裂裂缝扩展规律[J].石油勘探与开发，2024,51(3):624-634.ZOU Yushi,LI Yanchao,YANG Can,et al. Fracture propagation law of temporary plugging and diversion fracturing in shale reservoirs under completion experiments of horizontal well with multi-cluster sand jetting perforation[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2024,51(3):624-634.
• [14]李晓，郭鹏，胡彦智，等.陆相页岩压裂试验与数值模拟：以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段为例[J].石油与天然气地质，2023,44(4):1009-1019.LI Xiao,GUO Peng,HU Yanzhi,et al. Experiment and numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing in lacustrine shale:Taking the Ordos Basin as an example[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2023,44(4):1009-1019.
• [15]孙廉贺，王海柱，李根生，等.陆相页岩CO2前置压裂缝面微观力学损伤与支撑剂嵌入规律[J].石油勘探与开发，2025,52(4):919-929.SUN Lianhe, WANG Haizhu, LI Gensheng, et al. Micromechanical damage and proppant embedment patterns of fracture surfaces in lacustrine shale CO2 pre-pad energized fracturing[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2025, 52(4):919-929.
• [16]朱海燕，王恩博，唐凯，等.深层页岩多分支井燃爆压裂裂缝扩展规律[J].石油勘探与开发，2025,52(4):939-947.ZHU Haiyan,WANG Enbo,TANG Kai,et al. Fracture propagation of deflagration fracturing in deep shale multi-branch wells[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2025,52(4):939-947.
• [17]马泽元，胥云，翁定为，等.水平井体积改造井距和簇间距优化研究[J].西南石油大学学报（自然科学版），2024,46(2):114-124.MA Zeyuan,XU Yun,WENG Dingwei,et al. Well spacing and cluster spacing optimization for horizontal well volume stimulation[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2024,46(2):114-124.
• [18]戴佳成，李根生，孙耀耀，等.基于水平井的径向井开采页岩油产能模拟和参数分析[J].石油科学通报，2024,9(4):604-616.DAI Jiacheng, LI Gensheng, SUN Yaoyao, et al. Productivity simulation and parameter analysis of shale oil production in radial wells based on horizontal wells[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin,2024,9(4):604-616.
• [19]薛婷，黄天镜，成良丙，等.鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田页岩油水平井产能主控因素及开发对策优化[J].天然气地球科学，2021,32(12):1880-1888.XUE Ting,HUANG Tianjing,CHENG Liangbing,et al. Dominating factors on shale oil horizontal well productivity and development strategies optimization in Qingcheng Oilfield, Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2021,32(12):1880-1888.
• [20]孙鑫，刘礼军，侯树刚，等.基于页岩油水两相渗流特性的油井产能模拟研究[J].石油钻探技术，2023,51(5):167-172.SUN Xin,LIU Lijun,HOU Shugang,et al. Numerical simulation of shale oil well productivity based on shale oil-water twophase flow characteristics[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2023,51(5):167-172.
• [21]周济民，张海晨，王沫然.基于物理经验模型约束的机器学习方法在页岩油产量预测中的应用[J].应用数学和力学，2021,42(9):881-890.ZHOU Jimin,ZHANG Haichen,WANG Moran. Machine Learning with physical empirical model constraints for prediction of shale oil production[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2021,42(9):881-890.
• [22]油气田开发专业标准化委员会.储层敏感性流动实验评价方法：SY/T 5358―2024[S].北京：石油工业出版社，2025.Oil and Gas Field Development Professional Standardization Committee. Formation damage evaluation by flow test:SY/T 5358-2024[S]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2025.