孙天一,刘勇,顾子琛,白军辉,兰玉波,郭天娇
Sun Tianyi,Liu Yong,Gu Zichen,Bai Junhui,Lan Yubo,Guo Tianjiao

• 1:多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室
• 2:黑龙江省油层物理与渗流力学重点实验室
• 3:中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院
• 4:中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技管理部

摘要(Abstract)：

古龙页岩油采出程度普遍偏低，亟需有效的提高采收率技术。室内实验已表明CO_2驱油具有良好增产潜力，为验证CO_2驱在矿场条件下的适用性，选取处于衰竭开发末期的A井组开展现场CO_2注入试验，系统评价其补能效果、开发动态特征及见气规律。结果表明：A井组累计注入CO_2量为2.4×10~4 t，地层压力回升10 MPa以上，增油降水趋势明显，阶段累计增油量为2 800 t；生产井见气时间受井距影响，水平方向渗流能力约为垂直方向的25倍，注入过程中产出气中CO_2体积分数缓慢上升至40%～60%，停注一个月后迅速下降，CO_2埋存率达87.5%;A井组已形成有效的CO_2驱替体系，实现了能量补充与产量提升，证实了CO_2驱在页岩油藏中的矿场可行性，建议后续试验优先采用大井距单层水平井网以充分发挥水平渗流优势；高埋存率反映出CO_2滞留性强，吞吐效果受限，难以摆脱衰竭式开发模式，因此CO_2驱替应作为页岩油提高采收率的主攻方向。研究成果为古龙页岩油藏CO_2驱的工业化推广应用提供了重要依据。
The recovery rate of Gulong shale oil generally remains low, necessitating effective enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technologies. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that CO_2 flooding has large potential for production increase. To validate the applicability of CO_2 flooding under field conditions, a CO_2 injection test is conducted in well pattern A during the late stage of depletion development, systematically evaluating its energy complement effect, performance characteristics and gas breakthrough patterns. The results indicate the cumulative CO_2 injection in well pattern A is 2.4×10~4 t, leading to formation pressure increased >10 MPa, with clear trend of oil production increase and water cut reduction, and the staged cumulative oil production increased by 2 800 t. Gas breakthrough time in producers is influenced by well spacing, with horizontal permeability approximately 25 times higher than vertical permeability. During the process of injection, CO_2 concentration in produced gas rose to 40%～60%, followed by a rapid decline one month after stopping injection, achieving a CO_2 storage rate of 87.5%. An effective CO_2 displacement system is formed in well pattern A confirming both energy complement and productivity increase, thereby validating the field feasibility of CO_2 flooding in shale oil reservoirs. Large-well spacing single-layer horizontal well patterns are recommended to be given priority to leverage horizontal permeability advantages. High storage rates reflect strong CO_2 retention but limited huff-and-puff effect, making it difficult to deviate from depletion development mode. Thus, CO_2 flooding should be the main EOR direction for shale oil. The research provides critical basis for commercial promotion and application of CO_2 flooding in Gulong shale oil reservoirs.

关键词(KeyWords)： 页岩油;提高采收率;驱替;CO_2驱油与埋存;现场试验
shale oil;EOR;displacement;CO_2 flooding and storage;field test

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 黑龙江省重点研发计划项目“陆相页岩油CO_2驱油与埋存技术研究与试验”（SC2024ZX09C0146）

作者(Author): 孙天一,刘勇,顾子琛,白军辉,兰玉波,郭天娇
Sun Tianyi,Liu Yong,Gu Zichen,Bai Junhui,Lan Yubo,Guo Tianjiao

DOI: 10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202509046

参考文献(References)：

• [1]朱国文，王小军，张金友，等.松辽盆地陆相页岩油富集条件及勘探开发有利区[J].石油学报，2023, 44(1):110-124.Zhu Guowen,Wang Xiaojun,Zhang Jinyou,et al. Enrichment conditions and favorable zones for exploration and development of continental shale oil in Songliao Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2023,44(1):110-124.
• [2]Zhang Jingya, Zhu Rukai, Wu Songtao, et al. Microscopic oil occurrence in high-maturity lacustrine shales:Qingshankou Formation, Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Science,2023,20(5):2726-2746.
• [3]Jin Zhijun, Liang Xinping, Bai Zhenrui. Exploration breakthrough and its significance of Gulong lacustrine shale oil in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China[J]. Energy Geoscience,2022,3(2):120-125.
• [4]Zhang Shuichang, Zhang Bin, Wang Xiaomei, et al. Gulong shale oil enrichment mechanism and orderly distribution of conventional-unconventional oils in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin,NE China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2023,50(5):1045-1059.
• [5]李斌会，邓森，张江，等.古龙页岩油高温高压注CO2驱动用效果[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2024,43(1):42-51.Li Binhui, Deng Sen, Zhang Jiang, et al. Producing effect of CO2 displacement injection at high temperature and high pressure for Gulong shale oil[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2024,43(1):42-51.
• [6]曲方春，刘东旭，王青振，等.古龙页岩油注CO2补能提高采收率机理及参数优化[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2025,44(1):107-113.Qu Fangchun,Liu Dongxu,Wang Qingzhen,et al. Mechanism and parameters optimization of CO2 injection for energy complement to enhance recovery of Gulong shale oil[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2025, 44(1):107-113.
• [7]郭天娇，佟斯琴，孙文静，等.古龙页岩油CCUS-EOR方案设计及参数优化[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2025,44(3):121-127.Guo Tianjiao, Tong Siqin, Sun Wenjing, et al. CCUS-EOR scheme design and parameters optimization for Gulong shale oil[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2025,44(3):121-127.
• [8]柳波，蒙启安，付晓飞，等.松辽盆地白垩系青山口组一段页岩生、排烃组分特征及页岩油相态演化[J].石油与天然气地质，2024,45(2):406-419.Liu Bo,Meng Qi’an,Fu Xiaofei,et al. Composition of generated and expelled hydrocarbons and phase evolution of shale oil in the 1st member of Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2024,45(2):406-419.
• [9]陆加敏，林铁锋，李军辉，等.松辽盆地古龙页岩油富集耦合机制[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2024,43(3):62-74.Lu Jiamin,Lin Tiefeng,Li Junhui,et al.Coupling mechanism of Gulong shale oil enrichment in Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2024,43(3):62-74.
• [10]赵喆，白斌，刘畅，等.中国石油陆上中-高成熟度页岩油勘探现状、进展与未来思考[J].石油与天然气地质，2024,45(2):327-340.Zhao Zhe,Bai Bin,Liu Chang,et al. Current status,advances,and prospects of CNPC’s exploration of onshore moderately to highly mature shale oil reservoirs[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2024,45(2):327-340.
• [11]林铁锋，王瑞，张金友，等.松辽盆地古龙页岩油富集规律及有利区分布[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2024,43(3):88-98.Lin Tiefeng, Wang Rui, Zhang Jinyou, et al. Enrichment law and favorable areas distribution of Gulong shale oil in Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2024,43(3):88-98.
• [12]闫林，陈福利，王志平，等.我国页岩油有效开发面临的挑战及关键技术研究[J].石油钻探技术，2020,48(3):63-69.Yan Lin, Chen Fuli, Wang Zhiping, et al. Challenges and technical countermeasures for effective development of shale oil in China[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2020,48(3):63-69.
• [13]游利军，龚伟，康毅力，等.致密/页岩油气储层保护技术研究进展与方向[J].断块油气田，2025, 32(1):27-34,152.You Lijun,Gong Wei,Kang Yili,et al.Research progress and direction of tight/shale oil and gas reservoir protection technology[J]. Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field, 2025, 32(1):27-34,152.
• [14]王静，束青林，杜玉山，等.页岩油储层裂缝正演模拟及叠前各向异性反演预测方法[J].断块油气田，2024,31(6):1031-1038.Wang Jing,Shu Qinglin,Du Yushan,et al.Forward modeling and pre-stack anisotropy inversion prediction methods for fractures of shale oil reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2024,31(6):1031-1038.
• [15]齐洪岩，王振林，郑国庆，等.页岩油储集层水平井密切割压裂裂缝非均衡扩展机理[J].新疆石油地质，2025,46(6):734-741.Qi Hongyan,Wang Zhenlin,Zheng Guoqing,et al. Unbalanced fracture propagation mechanism during horizontal well intensive fracturing in shale oil reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2025,46(6):734-741.
• [16]龚郁峰.低渗透油藏储层冷伤害机理及伤害程度评价[D].成都：成都理工大学，2023.-Gong Yufeng. Mechanism and evaluation of cold damage in low permeability reservoirs[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2023.
• [17]何登辉，屈亚光，徐鹏程，等.致密油藏水平井注CO2开发效果评价[J].断块油气田，2024,31(6):1047-1054.He Denghui,Qu Yaguang,Xu Pengcheng,et al. Evaluation of CO2 injection development effects of horizontal wells in tight reservoirs[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2024,31(6):1047-1054.
• [18]张博为，张居和，冯子辉，等.松辽盆地青山口组古龙页岩轻质原油形成地质条件与资源潜力[J].石油学报，2021,42(12):1625-1639.Zhang Bowei,Zhang Juhe,Feng Zihui,et al. Geological conditions and resource potential for the formation of light crude oil from Gulong shale in Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2021,42(12):1625-1639.
• [19]赵文智，卞从胜，李永新，等.陆相页岩油可动烃富集因素与古龙页岩油勘探潜力评价[J].石油勘探与开发，2023,50(3):455-467.Zhao Wenzhi,Bian Congsheng,Li Yongxin,et al. Enrichment factors of movable hydrocarbons and exploration potential evaluation of shale oil in Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, NE China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2023,50(3):455-467.
• [20]庞彦明，王永卓，王瑞，等.松辽盆地古龙页岩油水平井试采分析及产能预测[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2020,39(3):137-146.Pang Yanming,Wang Yongzhuo,Wang Rui,et al. Production test analysis and productivity prediction of horizontal wells in Gulong shale oil reservoirs, Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2020, 39(3):137-146.
• [21]孙建鑫.页岩油水平井二氧化碳驱油效果研究与分析[J].石化技术，2025,46(8):306-308.Sun Jianxin. Study and analysis of CO2 flooding effect in shale oil horizontal wells[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology,2025,46(8):306-308.
• [22]刘巍，曹小朋，胡慧芳，等.页岩油水平井产量影响因素分析及压裂参数优化决策[J].油气藏评价与开发，2024,14(5):764-770,778.Liu Wei,Cao Xiaopeng,Hu Huifang,et al. Production influencing factors analysis and fracturing parameters optimization of shale oil horizontal wells[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2024,14(5):764-770,778.