张平,黄发木,付亚平,孙云峰,苏海波,鲁俊,王健,杨火海
ZHANG Ping,HUANG Famu,FU Yaping,SUN Yunfeng,SU Haibo,LU Jun,WANG Jian,YANG Huohai

• 1:国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司西气东输分公司
• 2:西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

地下储气库在生产运行过程中不可避免地会产生天然气损耗。目前对储气库气体损耗的研究仅停留在定性描述阶段，无法满足储气库经济性定量评价的要求。结合清单分析理论和注采机理实验，针对地下储气库注采过程中存在的微渗漏、溶解扩散、异常漏气和宏观漏气现象，建立了天然气损耗评价数学模型，对地下储气库气体损耗进行定量评价。结果表明：宏观驱替过程中的气体损耗是储气库气体损耗的主要组成部分，随着注采周期的增加而减小；在此基础上，建立了储气库型储气库天然气损耗定量评价方法，并以中原油田某地下储气库天然气损耗计算结果为例，利用该方法核算了该储气库自建库以来的各部分损耗情况并制定了降低损耗的技术对策。依托该计算方法可合理制定降低储气库天然气损耗政策，提供泄漏风险预警，提高储气库经济效益和注采安全性。
It is inevitable that underground gas storage may lose natural gas during production and operation. At present, research on gas loss of gas storage only stays in qualitative description stage, which cannot meet the requirements of quantitative evaluation of gas storage economy. Combining inventory analysis theory and injection-production mechanism experiment, a mathematical model for natural gas loss evaluation is established to quantitatively evaluate gas loss of underground gas storage in view of micro-leakage, dissolution diffusion, abnormal gas leakage and macroscopic gas leakage during injection and production. The results show that gas loss during macroscopic displacement is the main component of gas loss in gas storage, and decreases with the increase of injection-production cycles. On this basis, a quantitative evaluation method of natural gas loss in storage-type gas storage is established.Taking calculation result of natural gas loss in an underground gas storage in Zhongyuan Oilfield as an example, the method is used to calculate the loss of each part of the gas storage since its construction and formulate technical solutions to reduce the loss. Using this calculation method can rationally formulate policy of reducing loss of gas in gas storage, provide leakage risk warning, and improve economic benefit and injection-production safety of gas storage.

关键词(KeyWords)： 地下储气库;天然气损耗;宏观驱替;注采周期;定量评价
underground gas storage;natural gas loss;macroscopic displacement;injection-production cycle;quantitative evaluation

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司科研项目“文23储气库生产优化与达容达产技术优化研究”（SSCC202101）

作者(Author): 张平,黄发木,付亚平,孙云峰,苏海波,鲁俊,王健,杨火海
ZHANG Ping,HUANG Famu,FU Yaping,SUN Yunfeng,SU Haibo,LU Jun,WANG Jian,YANG Huohai

DOI: 10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202305024

参考文献(References)：

• [1]SHI L,WANG J M,LIAO G Z,et al.Mechanism of gas-water flow at pore-level in aquifer gas storage[J]. Journal of Central South University,2013,20(12):3620-3626.
• [2]SUN Y,ZHU W J,LIU S L,et al.Multi-cycle water influx calculation model of reconstructing gas storage in condensate gas reservoirs with edge water[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(6):160-165.
• [3]WANG J K,LIU H Y,ZHANG J L,et al.Lost gas mechanism and quantitative characterization during injection and production of water-flooded sandstone underground gas storage[J]. Energies,2018,11(2):272.
• [4]XU H C,WANG J M,QU P,et al.A prediction model of storage capacity parameters of a geologically-complicated reservoirtype underground gas storage(UGS)[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2015.
• [5]TANG L G,WANG J M,DING G S,et al.Downhole inflow-performance forecast for underground gas storage based on gas reservoir development data[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(1):138-142.
• [6]SHI L,XIONG W,GAO S S.The Effect of gas leaks on underground gas storage performance during development and operation[J].Chinese Physics Letters,2012,29(4):044602.
• [7]高涛.底水火山岩储气库库容和工作气量主控影响因素定量评价[J].特种油气藏，2021,28(3):87-93.GAO Tao.Quantitative evaluation of main controlling factors of capacity and working gas volume of volcanic gas storage with bottom water[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2021,28(3):87-93.
• [8]陈显学.底水气藏型储气库注采渗流规律实验[J].特种油气藏，2022,29(4):101-106.CHEN Xianxue.Test on the seepage pattern in injection and production of gas storage in bottom-water gas reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2022,29(4):101-106.
• [9]WANG J K,ZHANG J L,XIE J,et al.Initial gas full-component simulation experiment of Ban-876 underground gas storage[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering,2014,18:131-136.
• [10]谢俊，潘芝平，王亚洲，等.板876地下储气库水砂体评价与扩容利用[J].中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版），2020,50(2):100-106.XIE Jun,PAN Zhiping,WANG Yazhou,et al.The water sand evaluation and capacity expansion for the Ban 876 underground gas reservoir[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China(Natural Science Edition),2020,50(2):100-106.
• [11]朱静，张继平，栾睿智，等.辽河油田双6储气库注采能力评价[J].石油钻采工艺，2022,44(6):763-768,790.ZHU Jing, ZHANG Jiping, LUAN Ruizhi,et al.Evaluation on injection-production capacity of Shuang 6 storage in Liaohe Oilfield[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2022, 44(6):763-768,790.
• [12]石磊，邵龙义，王皆明，等.水驱气藏储气库运行损耗微观机理[J].油气储运，2018,37(6):658-663.SHI Lei, SHAO Longyi, WANG Jieming, et al.The microscopic mechanism of operating loss in underground gas storage rebuilt from water-drive gas reservoir[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(6):658-663.
• [13]朱明霞，石立华，薛颖，等.新型水驱特征曲线研究与应用[J].非常规油气，2022,9(4):65-70,128.ZHU Mingxia,SHI Lihua,XUE Ying,et al.Study and application of new water drive characteristic curve[J].Unconventional Oil&Gas,2022,9(4):65-70,128.
• [14]陈显学，温海波.辽河油田双6储气库单井采气能力评价[J].新疆石油地质，2017,38(6):715-718.CHEN Xianxue,WEN Haibo.Evaluation of single well production capacity of Shuang-6 gas storage in Liaohe Oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(6):715-718.
• [15]ZHAO L,BIAN D Z,FAN Z F,et al.Oil property changes during the waterflooding for reservoirs with condensate gas cap[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(1):74-78.
• [16]JIA S, ZHENG D, JIN F, et al.Evaluation system of selected target sites for aquifer underground gas storage[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016.
• [17]ZHANG G M,WU Y,WANG L J,et al.Time-dependent subsidence prediction model and influence factor analysis for underground gas storages in bedded salt formations[J]. Engineering Geology,2015,187:156-169.
• [18]李平.中原某储气库天然气泄露损耗研究[J].内蒙古石油化工，2020,46(7):24-26.LI Ping.Study on the leakage loss of natural gas in a gas storage in central China oilfield[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2020,46(7):24-26.
• [19]田亮.地下储气库损耗构成和变化规律[J].石油石化物资采购，2020,41(31):161.TIAN Liang.Underground gas storage loss composition and change rule[J]. Petroleum and Petrochemical Material Procurement,2020,41(31):161.
• [20]丁国生，魏欢.中国地下储气库建设20年回顾与展望[J].油气储运，2020,39(1):25-31.DING Guosheng,WEI Huan.Review on 20 years’UGS construction in China and the prospect[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2020,39(1):25-31.
• [21]陈晓源，谭羽非.地下储气库天然气泄漏损耗与动态监测判定[J].油气储运，2011,30(7):513-516.CHEN Xiaoyuan,TAN Yufei.Gas leak loss and dynamic monitoring determination of underground gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2011,30(7):513-516.
• [22]陶卫方，刘旭，王起京.地下储气库的损耗构成与变化规律[J].油气储运，2010,29(4):258-259.TAO Weifang,LIU Xu,WANG Qijing.Study on loss constitution and change law of underground gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2010,29(4):258-259.
• [23]廖权文，胡建均，史怀忠，等.文23储气库钻井工程关键技术[J].石油钻采工艺，2023,45(2):160-166.LIAO Quanwen,HU Jianjun,SHI Huaizhong,et al.Key technologies in drilling engineering of Wen 23 underground gas storage[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2023, 45(2):160-166.
• [24]李靖.高温高压高含CO_2天然气在地层水中溶解度理论研究[D].成都：西南石油大学，2017.LI Jing.Theoretical study on solubility of natural gas with high temperature and high pressure and high CO_2 content in formation water[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2017.
• [25]TOOSEH E K,JAFARI A,TEYMOURI A.Gas-water-rock interactions and factors affecting gas storage capacity during natural gas storage in a low permeability aquifer[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(6):143-148.