崔波,冯浦涌,荣新明,姚二冬,周福建,张强
CUI Bo,FENG Puyong,RONG Xinming,YAO Erdong,ZHOU Fujian,ZHANG Qiang

• 1:中海油田服务股份有限公司油田生产事业部
• 2:中国石油大学(北京)非常规油气科学技术研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

伊拉克S油田主力开发层系为中高孔、中低渗的孔隙-裂缝型碳酸盐岩油藏，酸化是该油田增产改造的主要技术手段。碳酸盐岩酸岩反应速度快，为实现深部处理，酸液体系均以缓速酸为主。该油田目前使用了多种缓速酸，为了进一步降本增效，需要探索各种缓速酸最佳的段塞组合方式及其协同效应。因此选用3种缓速酸（乳化酸，交联酸，螯合酸），使用岩心流动仪和CT扫描仪，研究了单一缓速酸及其两两组合时的酸蚀蚓孔形态及变化规律，定义了一种碳酸盐岩酸液段塞组合选择方法，探索了不同酸液之间协同增效作用。实验结果表明：不同缓速酸段塞组合均具有一定的协同增效作用，主控因素为酸液类型，其中乳化酸和交联酸协同增效作用最强，协同效应达49.69%，可节省近一半的酸液用量，降本效果显著。实验结果可为酸液体系的选择及酸化工艺参数的优化提供理论依据。
The main development strata series of S Oilfield in Iraq is porous-fractured carbonate rock reservoir with middle-high porosity and low-middle permeability. In order to realize deep penetration, the main acid system of carbonate rocks is retarded acid. In order to reduce cost and increase efficiency, it is necessary to explore the optimal slug combination mode and its synergistic effect of various retarded acid systems. 3 kinds of retarded acid system(emulsified acid, cross-linking acid and chelated acid) are selected, core flow meter and CT scanner are used to study wormhole form and change law of single retarded acid system and pairwise combination of retarded acid. A carbonate acid slug combination selection method is defined, and the synergistic effect of different kinds of retarded acid is analyzed. The experiment shows that all of the retarding acid slug combinations have synergistic effect, and retarded acid type is the main control factor. Emulsifying acid and cross-linking acid have the strongest synergistic effect, reaching 49.69%, which can save nearly half of acid volume and reduce cost significantly. The experimental results provide theoretical basis for selection of acid system and optimization of acidizing operation parameters.

关键词(KeyWords)： 碳酸盐岩;段塞注入;协同效应;乳化酸;交联酸;螯合酸
carbonate rock;slug injection;synergistic effect;emulsified acid;cross-linked acid;chelated acid

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家科技重大专项“中亚和中东地区复杂碳酸盐岩油气藏采油采气关键技术研究与应用”（2017ZX05030005）;国家科技重大专项“超深裂缝性气藏井筒失稳机理及转向工艺优化研究”（2016ZX05051003）

作者(Author): 崔波,冯浦涌,荣新明,姚二冬,周福建,张强
CUI Bo,FENG Puyong,RONG Xinming,YAO Erdong,ZHOU Fujian,ZHANG Qiang

参考文献(References)：

• [1]陈赓良，黄瑛.酸化工作液缓速作用的理论与实践[J].钻井液与完井液，2004,21(1):50-54.CHEN Gengliang,HUANG Ying.Retarded acting theory of acidizing fluid and its application[J]. Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2004,21(1):50-54.
• [2]姚远，袁志华.适用于高温碳酸盐岩储层稠化缓速酸液体系研究[J].能源化工，2018,39(2):50-54.YAO Yuan,YUAN Zhihua. Study on the slow acid solution system for thickening of high temperature carbonate reservoir[J].Energy Chemical Industry,2018,39(2):50-54.
• [3]李子甲，吴霞，黄文强，等.深层碳酸盐岩储层有机酸深穿透酸压工艺[J].科学技术与工程，2020, 20(20):8146-8151.LI Zijia,WU Xia,HUANG Wenqiang,et al. Long penetration organic acid fracturing technique in deep carbonate reservoir[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2020, 20(20):8146-8151.
• [4]刘静，康毅力，陈锐，等.碳酸盐岩储层损害机理及保护技术研究现状与发展趋势[J].油气地质与采收率，2006,13(1):99-101.LIU Jing,KANG Yili,CHEN Rui,et al. Present research situation and developing trend of formation damage mechanism and protection technology for carbonate rocks[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(1):99-101.
• [5]张磊，赵凤兰，舒俊峰，等.碳酸盐岩油藏用新型乳化酸酸岩反应研究[J].钻井液与完井液，2013,30(1):63-65,68.ZHANG Lei,ZHAO Fenglan,SHU Junfeng,et al. Research on acidic rock reaction of a new type of emulsified acid in Tahe carbonate reservoir[J]. Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2013,30(1):63-65,68.
• [6]周明，江万雄，陈欣，等.一种乳化缓速酸解堵体系研究及室内评价[J].石油与天然气化工，2016,45(2):72-76.ZHOU Ming, JIANG Wanxiong, CHEN Xin, et al. Investigation and laboratory evaluation of an emulsification retarded acid solution system[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2016,45(2):72-76.
• [7]穆代峰，贾文峰，姚奕明，等.胶凝酸与交联酸一体化耐高温缓速酸研究[J].钻井液与完井液，2019,36(5):634-638.MU Daifeng, JIA Wenfeng, YAO Yiming, et al. Study on the integration of gelled acid and crosslinked acid to form high temperature retarded acid[J]. Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2019,36(5):634-638.
• [8]王增宝，付敏杰，宋奇，等.高温深部碳酸盐岩储层酸化压裂用交联酸体系制备及性能[J].油田化学，2016,33(4):601-606.WANG Zengbao,FU Minjie,SONG Qi,et al. Preparation and characteristic of cross-linked acid for high-temperature acid fracturing system of deep carbonate reservoirs[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2016,33(4):601-606.
• [9]耿宇迪，周林波，王洋，等.超深碳酸盐岩复合高导流酸压技术[J].油气藏评价与开发，2019,9(6):56-60.GENG Yudi,ZHOU Linbo,WANG Yang,et al. High conductivity acid fracturing technology in ultra-deep carbonate reservoir[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2019, 9(6):56-60.
• [10]胡军，陈腾飞，程芳，等.疏水缔合型交联酸稠化剂的制备与应用[J].油田化学，2020,37(3):403-408.HU Jun,CHEN Tengfei,CHENG Fang,et al. Preparation and application of hydrophobic associating crosslinking acid thickener[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2020,37(3):403-408.
• [11]薛衡，赵立强，刘平礼，等.碳酸盐岩多尺度三维酸蚀蚓孔立体延伸动态模拟[J].石油与天然气地质，2016,37(5):792-798.XUE Heng,ZHAO Liqiang,LIU Pingli,et al. Dynamic simulation of 3-D multiple-scale wormhole propagation in carbonate rocks[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(5):792-798.
• [12] FREDD C N,MILLER M J. Validation of carbonate matrix stimulation models[R].SPE 58713,2000.
• [13] HUANG T, HILL A D, SCHECHTER R S. Reactionrate and fluid loss:The keys to wormhole initiation and propagation in carbonate acidizing[R].SPE 65400,2000.
• [14] RATNAKAR R R, KALIA N, BALAKOTAIAH V. Modeling analysis and simulation of wormhole formation in carbonate rocks with in situ crosslinked acids[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2013,90(10):179-199.
• [15] ECONOMIDES M J, NOLTE K G. Reservoir stimulation[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
• [16]王达，冯浦涌，周福建，等.连续油管差异化酸化工艺及其在伊拉克A油田的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2022,41(6):86-93.WANG Da,FENG Puyong,ZHOU Fujian,et al. Coiled tubing differential acidizing technology and its application in Oilfield A of Iraq[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2022,41(6):86-93.