唐军,信毅,申威,章成广,许巍
TANG Jun,XIN Yi,SHEN Wei,ZHANG Chengguang,XU Wei

• 1:长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院
• 2:中国石油塔里木油田公司

摘要(Abstract)：

为提高倾斜储层流体性质评价中的岩石电阻率精度，需要明确岩石电阻率随地层各向异性、地层倾角的变化规律。在对比分析两种模拟地层倾角的实验方案基础上，开展致密砂岩样品各向异性及倾角的电阻率物理测量实验，依照“二极法”的物理测量模式，采用有限元数值模拟了地层倾角、各向异性与岩心电阻率的变化关系。结果表明：当孔隙度增大时，岩石电阻率减小；当泥质含量增大时，各向异性系数变大；当地层倾角增大时，孔隙结构系数变大，当地层倾角相同时，孔隙度越大则孔隙结构系数越大；当地层倾角大于20°时，岩石电阻率增加量大于5%，这时需要进行电阻率校正。通过建立实测电阻率与理论公式计算电阻率之间的关系，获得克服各向异性、倾角影响的电阻率校正方法。研究成果为开展不同倾角、各向异性储层的电阻率校正及饱和度多井对比分析提供了实验依据。
In order to improve rock resistivity accuracy in evaluation of inclined reservoir fluid properties, it is necessary to clarify the variation law of rock resistivity with formation anisotropy and dip. On the basis of comparative analysis of 2 experimental schemes to simulate formation dip, physical resistivity measurement experiments are carried out for anisotropy and dip of tight sandstone samples. The relationship of dip and anisotropy vs. core resistivity is simulated by finite element method in “two-electrode” measuring mode. The experiment results show that rock resistivity decreases with porosity increase, and anisotropy coefficient increases with argillaceous content increase.Porosity structure coefficient increases with formation dip increase. When formation dip is constant, pore structure coefficient increases with porosity increase. When formation dip is higher than 20°, rock resistivity increment exceeds 5%, which requires resistivity correction. By establishing relationship between measured resistivity and theoretical formula calculated resistivity, a resistivity correction method for overcoming anisotropy and dip is formed.This study provides experimental basis for resistivity correction and multi-well saturation correlation analysis of reservoirs with different dips and anisotropy.

关键词(KeyWords)： 倾斜砂岩地层;电阻率;地层各向异性;地层倾角;校正;饱和度
inclined sandstone formation;resistivity;formation anisotropy;formation dip;correction;saturation

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技创新基金项目“裂缝渗透率测井计算理论模型及实验研究”（2020D-5007-0306）

作者(Author): 唐军,信毅,申威,章成广,许巍
TANG Jun,XIN Yi,SHEN Wei,ZHANG Chengguang,XU Wei

参考文献(References)：

• [1]覃世银，管志宁，王昌学，等.层状各向异性地层的识别与评价[J].测井技术，2003,27(3):194-197.QIN Shiyin,GUAN Zhining,WANG Changxue,et al. Identification and evaluation of layered anisotropic formation[J]. Well Logging Technology,2003,27(3):194-197.
• [2] KLEIN J D. Induction log anisotropy corrections[J]. The Log Analyst,1993,34(2):18-27.
• [3] GIANZERO S C,RAU R. The effect of sonde position in the hole on responses of resistivity logging tools[J].Geophysics,1977,42(3):642-654.
• [4]汪宏年，杨善德，王艳.各向异性地层中电阻率测井的响应特征[J].石油地球物理勘探，1999,34(6):649-657,664.WANG Hongnian, YANG Shande, WANG Yan. The response characteristics of resistivity log in anisotropic formation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1999,34(6):649-657,664.
• [5]吴小平，徐果明.利用共轭梯度法的电阻率三维反演研究[J].地球物理学报，2000,43(3):420-427.WU Xiaoping, XU Guoming. Study on 3D resistivity inversion using conjugate gradient method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(3):420-427.
• [6]张烨，商庆龙，林蔺，等.倾斜井各向异性地层中多分量感应测井响应的有限体积模拟[J].吉林大学学报（地球科学版），2012,42 （增刊2）:417-423.ZHANG Ye,SHANG Qinglong,LIN Lin,et al. Finite volume simulation of MCIL’s response in dipping well anisotropic formation model[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(S2):417-423.
• [7]范宜仁，巫振观，王磊，等.大斜度井各向异性地层双感应测井响应特征研究[J].测井技术，2016,40(3):262-269,275.FAN Yiren,WU Zhenguan,WANG Lei,et al. Response characteristics of dual induction logging in anisotropic formation and high deviated wells[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2016, 40(3):262-269,275.
• [8]朱姣，殷长春，任秀艳，等.任意各向异性介质三维非结构谱元法直流电阻率正演模拟研究[J].地球物理学报，2021,64(12):4644-4657.ZHU Jiao,YIN Changchun,REN Xiuyan,et al. DC resistivity forward modelling for arbitrarily anisotropic media using the unstructured spectral element method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2021,64(12):4464-4657.
• [9]袁超，李潮流，周灿灿，等.各向异性地层阵列侧向电阻率响应仿真模拟及应用[J].石油勘探与开发，2019,46(6):1-9.YUAN Chao,LI Chaoliu,ZHOU Cancan,et al. Forward simulation of array laterolog resistivity in anisotropic formation and its application[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2019,46(6):1-9.
• [10]胡松，周灿灿，王昌学，等.水平井各向异性地层双感应测井响应数值模拟[J].科学技术与工程，2014,14(11):1671-1815.HU Song,ZHOU Cancan,WANG Changxue,et al. Dual induction logging numerical simulation of anisotropic formation in horizontal wells[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2014,14(11):1671-1815.
• [11]赵江青，吴金云.岩石各向异性实验室测量及在水平井测井解释中的应用[C].上海：中国地球物理学会第十三届学术年会论文集，1997.ZHAO Jiangqing, WU Jinyun. Laboratory measurement of rock anisotropy and its application in horizontal well logging interpretation[C]. Shanghai:Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of Chinese geophysical society,1997.
• [12]孔繁达，何涛，姜洪福.薄互层水平井测井电阻率的各向异性校正[J].北京大学学报（自然科学版），2011,47(2):301-308.KONG Fanda, HE Tao, JIANG Hongfu. Anisotropic correction for resistivity logging of horizontal well in thin interlayer reservoir[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis(Science&Technology Edition),2011,47(2):301-308.
• [13]陈冬，王彦春，汪中浩，等.水平井地层电阻率各向异性研究[J].物探与化探，2007,31(3):233-235.CHEN Dong, WANG Yanchun, WANG Zhonghao, et al.Analyze formation resistivity anisotropy in horizontal well[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration, 2007, 31(3):233-235.
• [14]徐波，汪忠浩，伍东.基于常规电测井资料的各向异性储层水平井测井解释[J].测井技术，2018,42(6):652-657.XU Bo,WANG Zhonghao,WU Dong. Log interpretation of horizontal well in anisotropic reservoir based on wire-line resistivity logging[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2018, 42(6):652-657.
• [15]葛新民，范宜仁，李军，等.井旁裂缝的双侧向测井物理模拟及特征分析[J].地球物理学报，2019,62(1):354-360.GE Xinmin, FAN Yiren, LI Jun, et al. Experimental studies and investigations on the dual lateral log response of near borehole fracture[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2019,62(1):354-360.
• [16]信毅，唐军，罗振媛，等.库车坳陷克深地区巴什基奇克组砂岩储集层测井评价[J].新疆石油地质，2019,40(1):111-116.XIN Yi,TANG Jun,LUO Zhenyuan,et al. Logging evaluation for sandstone reservoirs in Bashijiqike Formation of Keshen Area,Kuqa Depression[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2019,40(1):111-116.
• [17]陈敏，高岩，胡永华.降低岩心电阻率测量误差的方法[J].油气地质与采收率，2002,9(1):62-63.CHEN Min,GAO Yan,HU Yonghua. Method of reducing measurement error on core resistivity[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2002,9(1):62-63.
• [18]申纪伟，赵体栋，王刚.砂土交流电阻率测量的误差分析[J].山西建筑，2016,42(33):60-61.SHEN Jiwei, ZHAO Tidong, WANG Gang. Study on testing errors of sand soil AC resistivity[J]. Shanxi Architecture,2016,42(33):60-61.
• [19] SCHROEDER W J,ZARGE J A,LORENSEN W E. Decimation of triangle meshes[J]. Computer Graphics, 1992, 26(2):65-70.
• [20] GRAPNE G,ZHU J. Fast algorithms for frequent itemset mining using FP-trees[J]. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge&Data Engineering,2005,17(10):1347-1362.
• [21]吴意明，张伟，刘保银，等.三维非对称介质电阻率各向异性反演及应用[J].测井技术，2016,40(5):541-548.WU Yiming, ZHANG Wei, LIU Baoyin, et al. Inversion of anisotropic in three-dimensional asymmetric media and its application[J]. Well Logging Technology,2016,40(5):541-548.
• [22] MORAN J H, GIANZERO S. Effects of formation anisotropy on resistivity-logging measurements[J]. Geophysics, 1979, 44(7):1266-1286.
• [23] ARCHIE G E. The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics[J].Transactions of the AIME,1942,146(1):54-62.