胡海燕
HU Hai-yan(Resources Institute of China University of Geosciences

• 1:中国地质大学研究生院 湖北武汉430074

摘要(Abstract)：

随着油气勘探向纵深发展,深层成为油气勘探的重点目标和热门区域。深部油气成藏机理在生、储、盖、运、保等方面与浅部有很大差别,深层大多发育超压,超压系统内的烃源岩演化会受到抑制。另一方面,深部流体促进烃源岩成熟;超压可以缓冲压实作用和抑制胶结作用,从而保存和改善储层;深部的储盖能量配置在很大程度上影响成藏;深部流体的排放形式多为幕式排烃的瞬态流体,这意味着油气可以在晚期快速成藏;深部流体具有高热量、强溶解能力、高能量的特点,可以促进原本不可能成熟的烃源岩生烃,强化那些已经成熟的烃源岩,强的溶解能力不断溶解围岩及砂体的胶结物,在储层中产生裂缝和溶洞,从而改善储层。通过分析深部油气成藏的各个要素,系统总结了深部油气成藏的生烃、储层、排烃方式、盖层的特点。
With deepening development of hydrocarbon exploration,deep layers have become key target and popular domain for hydrocarbon exploration.Deep hydrocarbon reservoir formation mechanism differs greatly from shallow one in generation,accumulation,capping,migration and conservation.Usually there is overpressure development in deep layers and source rock evolution can be constrained in overpressure system.On the other hand,deep fluids promote the maturation of source rocks;overpressure can buffer compaction and holdback cementation,thus conserving and improving reservoir;deep reservoir capping energy configuration can affect reservoir formation to a great degree;discharge patterns of deep fluids are mostly curtain type hydrocarbon discharged transient state fluids.This means that hydrocarbon can form reservoir rapidly at the later stage;deep fluids have large heat quantity,high dissolving capacity and high energy,which can promote source rocks that are impossible to mature to generate hydrocarbon,and reinforce source rocks that are already mature.High dissolving capacity can keep dissolving wall rocks and sand body cement,generating fractures and solution cavities in the reservoir thus to improve the reservoir.Through analysis on factors affecting deep hydrocarbon reservoir formation,the features of hydrocarbon generation,reservoir,hydrocarbon discharge mode and capping layer of deep hydrocarbon reservoir formation are systematically summarized.

关键词(KeyWords)： 深部油气;成藏;深部流体;超压
deep hydrocarbon;reservoir formation;deep fluids;overpressure

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 胡海燕
HU Hai-yan(Resources Institute of China University of Geosciences

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Hunt JM.Petroleum geology and geochem istry(2nd ed.)[M].Freeman and Company,1996.
• [2]Holm G.How abnormal pressures affect hydrocarbon exploration,ex-ploitation[J].O il&Gas Journal,1998.
• [3]郝芳,董伟良.沉积盆地超压系统演化、流体流动与成藏机理[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(1):79-85.
• [4]Tissot B P,W elte D H.Petroleum formation and occurrence(2nded.)[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1984.
• [5]M cTavish R A.The role of overpressure in the retardation of organ icmattermaturation[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1998.
• [6]Fouch T D,Nuccio V F,Ander D E,et al.G reen river(!)petrole-um system,Un ita Basin,Utah,USA[A].L.B.Magoon and W.G.Dow,The Petroleum System—From Source to Trap[C].AAPGM emoir 60,1994.
• [7]Marchand A M E,Smalley P C,Haseld iner Setal.Note on the impor-tance ofHydrocarbon F ill forReservoirQuality Pred iction in Sandstones[J].AAPG Bu lletin,2002,86(9):1561-1571.
• [8]宿大海,王升永.兴城气田深层天然气勘探钻遇火山岩特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(8):11-13.
• [9]郝芳,邹华耀,方勇,等.断—压双控流体流动与油气幕式快速成藏[J].石油学报,2004.
• [10]郝芳,孙永传,李思田,等.活动热流体对有机质演化和油气生成的强化[J].地球科学,1996,21(1):68-72.
• [11]Jin Q iang,X iong Shousheng,Lu Peide.Catalysis and hydro genera-tion:Volcan icactivity and hydrocarbon generation in rift basins,East-ern Ch ina[J].Applied Geochem istry,1999,14(5):547-558.
• [12]高波,陶明信,王万春.深部热流体对油气成藏的影响[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2001.