孙林,徐斌,熊培祺,杨军伟
SUN Lin,XU Bin,XIONG Peiqi,YANG Junwei

• 1:中海油能源发展股份有限公司工程技术分公司
• 2:加拿大OGI地质力学公司
• 3:卡尔加里大学土木工程系

摘要(Abstract)：

针对疏松砂岩储层产量递减快、增产技术难度大等难题，中国海上油田将一种用于稠油SAGD开发中的岩石扩容新技术应用于油井增产领域。利用宏观和微观2种方式对疏松砂岩储层油井扩容机理开展研究，首次在国内海上油田进行了2口井的现场试验，并从油井扩容增产工艺及关键参数方面进行应用研究。结果表明：疏松砂岩储层油井扩容主要包括剪切及张性裂缝带的形成和近井反向解堵2种机理；岩石扩容的地应力测试、地应力预处理、扩容区扩展和扩容区反演4个工艺步骤中，需重点关注扩容压力、扩容半径、扩容频率和扩容反演配套参数；2口实验井作业后，P-B7H1井的产液量由213.7 m3/d增加至405.2 m~3/d，地层孔隙度增加了1.6%～2.0%,E-A9H井的产液量由236.7 m~3/d增加至510.0 m~3/d，平均渗透率由386.2×10~(-3)μm~2增加至808.0×10~(-3)μm~2。岩石扩容技术可用于疏松砂岩储层油井增产，具有广阔的应用前景，为油田增产提供了一种新思路。
Aiming at challenges of fast production decrease of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs and difficulties in stabilizing production by stimulation techniques, a new rock dilation technique for heavy oil SAGD development is applied in production wells stimulation areas of China's offshore oilfields. The mechanism of rock dilation in production wells in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs is understood by both macroscopic and microscopic methods, and field tests of 2 wells are carried out for the first time in China, with study in perspective of production wells' rock dilation and stimulation technique and key parameters. The results show that well rock dilation in unconsolidated sandstone reservoir mainly has 2 mechanisms including the formation of shear and tensile fracture zones and near-wellbore reverse plug removal. Among 4 technical steps of rock dilation including in-situ stress testing, in-situ stress preprocessing, dilation zones expansion and dilation zones inversion, attention should be paid on dilation pressure, dilation radius, dilation frequency, and supporting parameters for dilation inversion. After the operation of 2 experimental wells, Well P-B7H1 has fluid production increased from 213.7 m~3/d to 405.2 m~3/d and formation porosity increased from 1.6% to 2.0%, and Well E-A9H has fluid production increased from 236.7 m~3/d to 510.0 m~3/d and average permeability increased from 386.2×10~(-3)μm~2 to 808.0×10~(-3)μm~2. This technique can be used for production wells stimulation in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs and has broad application prospect, providing new idea for stimulation techniques in oilfields.

关键词(KeyWords)： 岩石扩容;疏松砂岩;增产实践;新技术;海上油田
dilation;unconsolidated sandstone;stimulation;new technique;offshore oilfield

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家科技重大专项“渤海油田高效采油工程及配套技术示范”（2016ZX05058-003）;; 中海油能源发展股份有限公司重大科技专项“采油化学产品自主化研发及产业化应用（Ⅰ期）”（HFZDZX-GJ2022-03）

作者(Author): 孙林,徐斌,熊培祺,杨军伟
SUN Lin,XU Bin,XIONG Peiqi,YANG Junwei

DOI: 10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202307031

参考文献(References)：

• [1] BRIDGMAN P W. Volume changes in the plastic stages of simple compression[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1949,20(12):1241-1251.
• [2]马金宝，张毅，马向前.岩石（体）应力扩容试验及本构进展研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报，2011,9(1):77-82.MA Jinbao, ZHANG Yi, MA Xiangqian. Research on experiment of stressing dilatancy of rock mass and constitutive progress[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2011,9(1):77-82.
• [3] ROWE P W. The stress-dilatancy relation for static equilibrium of an assembly of particles in contact[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society,1962,269(1339):500-527.
• [4] BOLTON M D. The strength and dilatancy of sands[J]. Geotechnique,1986,36(1):65-78.
• [5] WONG R C K. Strain-induced anisotropy in fabric and hydraulic parameters of oil sand in triaxial compression[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2003,40(3):489-500.
• [6] XU B. Finite element simulation of hydraulic fracturing in unconsolidated sands[D]. Calgary:University of Calgary,2010.
• [7] XU B,YUAN Y,WONG R C K. Modeling of the hydraulic fractures in unconsolidated oil sands reservoir[C]. Salt Lake:44th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 5th U.S. Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium,2010.
• [8] YUAN Y G,YANG B H,XU B. Fracturing in the oil-sands reservoirs[R]. SPE 149308,2011.
• [9]孙新革，罗池辉，徐斌，等.强非均质超稠油油藏SAGD储层升级扩容研究[J].油气地质与采收率，2021,28(6):38-45.SUN Xinge,LUO Chihui,XU Bin,et al. Study on upgraded dilation of SAGD reservoirs with strong heterogeneity and ultraheavy oil[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2021,28(6):38-45.
• [10]赵睿，桑林翔，陈伦俊，等.直井辅助SAGD扩容及地质力学-热采耦合数值模拟[J].特种油气藏，2021,28(3):81-86.ZHAO Rui, SANG Linxiang, CHEN Lunjun, et al. Vertical well assisted SAGD dilation and coupled numerical simulation of geomechanics and thermal recovery[J]. Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2021,28(3):81-86.
• [11] LIN B T,JIN Y,CHEN S L. A criterion for evaluating the efficiency of water injection in oil sand reservoirs[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,149:322-330.
• [12] LIN B T,CHEN S L,JIN Y.Evaluation of reservoir deformation induced by water injection in SAGD wells considering formation anisotropy,heterogeneity and thermal effect[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,157:767-779.
• [13]林伯韬，陈森，潘竟军，等.风城陆相超稠油油砂微压裂扩容机理实验研究[J].石油钻采工艺，2016,38(3):359-364,408.LIN Botao, CHEN Sen, PAN Jingjunet al. Experimental study on dilation mechanism of micro-fracturing in continental ultraheavy oil sand reservoir,Fengcheng oilfield[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(3):359-364,408.
• [14] LIN B T,JIN Y,PANG H W,et al. Experimental investigation on dilation mechanisms of land facies Karamay oil sand reservoirs under water injection[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(4):1425-1439.
• [15] LIN B T,CHEN S,YAN J,et al. Evaluating constitutive models for simulation of water injection in land facies Karamay oil sand reservoirs[C]. Houston:50th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium,2016.
• [16]吴寒，林伯韬，潘竟军，等.风城油田超稠油油藏非均质储集层地应力场特征[J].新疆石油地质，2020, 41(2):217-222.WU Han,LIN Botao,PAN Jingjun,et al. Characteristics of insitu stress field in heterogeneous ultra-heavy oil reservoir of Fengcheng oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2020,41(2):217-222.
• [17]闫新江，李孟龙，范白涛，等.渤中油田疏松砂岩注水扩容解堵机理研究[J].承德石油高等专科学校学报，2020,22(4):29-34.YAN Xinjiang,LI Menglong,FAN Baitao,et al. Mechanism of water injection for capacity expansion and plug removal of unconsolidated sandstone in Bozhong oilfield[J].Journal of Chengde Petroleum College,2020,22(4):29-34.
• [18]闫新江，李孟龙，范白涛，等.疏松砂岩扩容力学性质研究[J].石油工业技术监督，2020,36(10):24-26,31.YAN Xinjiang,LI Menglong,FAN Baitao,et al. Study on mechanical properties of unconsolidated sandstone dilatation[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2020,36(10):24-26,31.
• [19]孙林，徐斌，邹信波，等.海上油田电泵生产井储层岩石扩容增产实践[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2022,41(1):77-83.SUN Lin,XU Bin,ZOU Xinbo,et al. Practice of reservoir rock dilation to increase production in electric pump production wells in offshore oil fields[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2022,41(1):77-83.
• [20]刘成林，任杨，孙林，等.海上特低渗砂岩储层酸化增效技术研究与应用[J].石油机械，2022,50(9):117-124.LIU Chenglin,REN Yang,SUN Lin,et al. Research and application of acidizing technology in offshore ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2022,50(9):117-124.
• [21]林伯韬，史璨，庄丽，等.基于真三轴实验研究超稠油储集层压裂裂缝扩展规律[J].石油勘探与开发，2020,47(3):608-616.LIN Botao, SHI Can, ZHUANG Li, et al. Study on fracture propagation behavior in ultra-heavy oil reservoirs based on true triaxial experiments[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2020,47(3):608-616.
• [22]林伯韬.疏松砂岩储层微压裂机理与应用技术研究[J].石油科学通报，2021,6(2):209-227.LIN Botao.Microfracturing mechanisms and techniques in unconsolidated sandstone formations[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2021,6(2):209-227.
• [23]周博，董长银，王力智，等.含聚合物疏松砂岩岩心出砂形态微观模拟实验[J].断块油气田，2021,28(6):848-853.ZHOU Bo, DONG Changyin, WANG Lizhi, et al.Microscopic simulation experiments on sand production morphology of polymerbearing unconsolidated sandstone cores[J]. Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2021,28(6):848-853.
• [24]孙焕泉.薄储层超稠油热化学复合采油方法与技术[J].石油与天然气地质，2020,41(5):1100-1106.SUN Huanquan. Hybrid thermal chemical recovery of thin extraheavy oil reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5):1100-1106.
• [25]王晓超，郭小哲，刘全刚，等.疏松砂岩储层油井污染规模定量评价方法设计[J].非常规油气，2022, 9(3):125-130.WANG Xiaochao,GUO Xiaozhe,LIU Quangang,et al. Design of method for quantitatively evaluating pollution scale of oil well in unconsolidated sand reservoir[J]. Unconventional Oil&Gas,2022,9(3):125-130.
• [26] SUN X G,XU B,QIAN G B,et al. The application of geomechanical SAGD dilation startup in a Xinjiang oil field heavy-oil reservoir[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2021,196:107670.
• [27] NOLTE K G,MANIERE J L,OWENS K A. After-closure analysis of fracture calibration tests[C].San Antonio:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,1997.
• [28]徐斌，刘汝明，陈子扬，等.瞬态压力分析方法在小型压裂地应力测试中的应用[J].长江科学院院报，2020,37(2):81-86.XU Bin,LIU Ruming,CHEN Ziyang,et al. Application of pressure transient analysis method in mini-frac test[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2020, 37(2):81-86.
• [29]张健，敬季昀，王杏尊.利用小型压裂短时间压降数据快速获取储层参数的新方法[J].岩性油气藏，2018,30(4):133-139.ZHANG Jian,JING Jiyun,WANG Xingzun. New method for obtaining reservoir parameters with a short time of pressure drop after mini-fracturing[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(4):133-139.