苏映宏,吴忠维,崔传智,陈业祥,马天赐,刘国政
SU Yinghong,WU Zhongwei,CUI Chuanzhi,CHEN Yexiang,MA Tianci,LIU Guozheng

• 1:中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院
• 2:中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

水力压裂已广泛用于油气藏开发,而裂缝导流能力是压裂优化设计的重要指标。目前很少有研究涉及到楔形裂缝的导流能力,而水力压裂后裂缝多呈现为近井筒处开口大,远井筒处开口小的楔形。在考虑支撑剂嵌入、裂缝形态(楔形)的基础上,建立了支撑裂缝导流能力计算模型,通过与文献中的数据对比验证了模型的准确性,并分析了关键参数对裂缝导流能力的影响。结果表明:沿着裂缝远离井筒,导流能力降低,降低趋势为裂缝跟端附近降低快、趾端附近降低慢;支撑剂嵌入导致有效流动空间减小、裂缝导流能力降低;裂缝宽度一定时,支撑剂越小,裂缝有效流动空间越小,导流能力越低。该文提出的支撑裂缝导流能力计算模型很容易嵌入到压裂数值模拟软件中,具有广泛的应用前景。
Hydraulic fracturing has been widely used in oil and gas reservoir development, and the fracture conductivity is an important indicator of the fracturing optimization design. Currently, there are few studies on the conductivity of the wedge-shaped fractures. However, the fractures width after hydraulic fracturing is mostly large near the wellbore and small far away from the wellbore in the form of wedge. Considering the proppant embedded and fracture shapes(wedge-shape fracture),a calculation model of the propped fracture conductivity was established. The accuracy of the model was verified by the comparison with the data in the literature, and moreover the effects of the key parameters on the conductivity were analyzed. The results show that the conductivity decreases along the fracture away from the wellbore, and the decreasing trend is that the conductivity decreases rapidly near the heel end of the fracture and slowly near the toe end of the fracture. The proppant embedding reduces the effective flow space and fracture conductivity. When the fracture width is constant, the smaller the proppant size, the smaller the effective flow space of the fracture, and the lower the conductivity. The proposed calculation model of the propped fracture conductivity can be easily embedded in the fracturing numerical simulation software, which has a wide application prospect.

关键词(KeyWords)： 水力压裂;支撑裂缝;导流能力;K-C方程;支撑剂嵌入
hydraulic fracturing;propped fracture;conductivity;C-K equation;proppant embedding

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目“致密油藏多段压裂水平井时空耦合流动模拟及参数优化方法”(51974343)

作者(Author): 苏映宏,吴忠维,崔传智,陈业祥,马天赐,刘国政
SU Yinghong,WU Zhongwei,CUI Chuanzhi,CHEN Yexiang,MA Tianci,LIU Guozheng

DOI: 10.19597/j.issn.1000-3754.202008029

参考文献(References)：

• [1]崔传智，吴忠维，杨勇，等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏压裂直井非稳态复合产能模型[J].油气地质与采收率，2018,25(1):61-67.CUI Chuanzhi,WU Zhongwei,YANG Yong,et al.Unsteady compound productivity model of fractured vertical well in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(1):61-67.
• [2]张士诚，郭天魁，周彤，等.天然页岩压裂裂缝扩展机理试验[J].石油学报，2014,35(3):496-503.ZHANG Shicheng,GUO Tiankui,ZHOU Tong,et al.Fracture propagation mechanism experiment of hydraulic in natural shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):496-503.
• [3]崔传智，吴忠维.高含水期五点法井网压裂开发经济界限研究方法[J].科学技术与工程，2018,18(20):102-108.CUI Chuanzhi,WU Zhongwei.Research method on economic limits of fracturing development on five-spot well pattern at a high water cut stage[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(20):102-108.
• [4]谢斌，任岚，贾久波，等.火山岩体积压裂的自支撑裂缝导流能力实验评价[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2020,39(6):77-84.XIE Bin,REN Lan,JIA Jiubo,et al.Experimental evaluation of the self-supporting fracture conductivity for the volume fracturing in volcanic rocks[J] Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2020,39(6):77-84.
• [5]徐启，周晓峰.受压状态下水力压裂支撑剂性能评价方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2020,39(5):51-57.XU Qi,ZHOU Xiaofeng.Performance evaluating method of the hydraulic fracturing proppant under pressure[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2020,39(5):51-57.
• [6]张静娴，许冬进，廖锐全.砂砾岩致密油储层支撑剂导流能力预测[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2019,38(6):149-154.ZHANG Jingxian,XU Dongjin,LIAO Ruiquan.Prediction of the conductivity of the proppant in glutenite tight oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2019,38(6):149-154.
• [7]LACY L L,RICKARDS A R,ALI S A.Embedment and fracture conductivity in soft formations associated with HEC,borate and water-based fracture designs [C].San Antonio:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,1997.
• [8]LACY L L,RICKARDS A R,BILDEN D M.Fracture width and embedment testing in soft reservoir sandstone[J].SPE Drilling & Completion,1998,13(1):25-29.
• [9]FREDD C N,MC C,BONEY S B,et al.Experimental study of fracture conductivity for water-fracturing and conventional fracturing applications [J] .SPE Journal,2001,6(3):288-298.
• [10]BARREE R D,COX S A,BARREE V L,et al.Realistic assessment of proppant pack conductivity for material selection[C].Denver:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,2003.
• [11]王丽伟，蒙传幼，崔明月，等.压裂液残渣及支撑剂嵌入对裂缝伤害的影响[J].钻井液与完井液，2007(5):59-61.WANG Liwei,MENG Chuanyou,CUI Mingyue,et al.Effects of fracturing fluid residues and proppant embedment on the fracture impairment[J].Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid,2007(5):59-61.
• [12]郭建春，卢聪，赵金洲，等.支撑剂嵌入程度的实验研究[J].煤炭学报，2008,33(6):661-664.GUO Jianchun,LU Cong,ZHAO Jinzhou,et al.Experimental research on proppant embedment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(6):661-664.
• [13]卢聪，郭建春，王文耀，等.支撑剂嵌入及对裂缝导流能力损害的实验[J].天然气工业，2008,28(2):99-101.LU Cong,GUO Jianchun,WANG Wenyao,et al.Experimental research on proppant embedment and its damage to fractures conductivity[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(2):99-101.
• [14]曲占庆，黄德胜，杨阳，等.气藏压裂裂缝导流能力影响因素实验研究[J].断块油气田，2014,21(3):390-393.QU Zhanqing,HUANG Desheng,YANG Yang,et al.Experimental research on influence factors of fracture conductivity in gas reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2014,21(3):390-393.
• [15]李勇明，刘岩，竭继忠，等.支撑剂嵌入岩石定量计算模型研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(5):94-97.LI Yongming,LIU Yan,JIE Jizhong,et al.Research on quantitative calculation model of proppant embedding in rock[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition),2011,33(5):94-97.
• [16]孟雅，李治平，郭珍珍.煤储层压裂裂缝导流能力计算模型及应用[J].煤炭学报，2014,39(9):1852-1856.MENG Ya,LI Zhiping,GUO Zhenzhen.Calculation model of fracture conductivity in coal reservoir and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(9):1852-1856.
• [17]赵金洲，何弦桀，李勇明.支撑剂嵌入深度计算模型[J].石油天然气学报，2014,36(12):209-212.ZHAO Jinzhou,HE Xianjie,LI Yongming.A calculation model of proppant embedment depth[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2014,36(12):209-212.
• [18]LI K,GAO Y,LYU Y,et al.New mathematical models for calculating proppant embedment and fracture conductivity[J] .SPE Journal,2015,20(3):496-507.
• [19]张遂安，曹立虎，谭扬军，等.高阶煤支撑剂嵌入模型[J].科技导报，2014,32(14):54-58.ZHANG Suian,CAO Lihu,TAN Yangjun,et al.Proppant embedment model of high rank coal[J].Science & Technology Review,2014,32(14):54-58.
• [20]陈铭，张士诚，柳明，等.水力压裂支撑剂嵌入深度计算方法[J].石油勘探与开发，2018,45(1):149-156.CHEN Ming,ZHANG Shicheng,LIU Ming,et al.Calculation method of proppant embedment depth in hydraulic fracturing[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(1):149-156.
• [21]焦红岩.长裂缝导流能力衰减预测模型研究与应用[D].青岛：中国石油大学(华东),2017.JIAO Hongyan.Research and application of decline prediction model for long-fracture conductivity[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum (East China),2017.