裴江云,张在金,宋欣悦
Pei Jiangyun,Zhang Zaijin,Song Xinyue

• 1:中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

针对松辽盆地中浅层勘探提高地震资料分辨率的需求，利用地震资料信噪比高、初至波特征明显、易于识别的优点，建立初至波选择原则，提出将初至波应用近地表Q补偿技术，用来消除近地表吸收衰减影响，拓展初至波的频带，提高初至波分辨率。给出了在常规地表一致性反褶积中的全局分量，以及补偿后初至波作为反射波场的期望输出，全局分量的自相关、全局分量与初至波互相关以及全局分量对应的反褶积因子求取过程。应用求取的反褶积因子来展宽反射波的频带，提高反射波场分辨率，并将整个算法融入到实际地震资料处理中并形成新的流程。应用结果表明，在叠前处理得到资料较常规流程处理的资料在振幅为-20 dB处的频带拓宽约为20 Hz，中高频率成分明显比常规流程处理资料丰富。研究成果可有效拓展地震资料频带，提高地震资料分辨率。
To meet the need for improving seismic resolution in middle-shallow layers exploration in Songliao Basin, by leveraging the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, distinct characteristics and easy identification of first break, first-break selection criteria are established, proposing the application of near-surface Qcompensation technique to first breaks to mitigate near-surface absorption and attenuation effects, thereby broadening the first-break frequency band and improving the resolution. The process includes determining the global component in conventional surface-consistent deconvolution, using compensated first breaks as the desired output for the reflected wavefield, calculating the autocorrelation of global component and the cross-correlation between the global component and first breaks, and deriving the corresponding deconvolution operator. The derived deconvolution operator is then applied to broaden the frequency band of the reflected wavefield, improving its resolution. The entire algorithm is integrated into practical seismic data processing to form a new workflow. Application results show that, data processed with this pre-stack method exhibits a frequency band approximately 20 Hz wider at-20 dB compared to data processed with conventional workflows, with significantly richer mid-to-high frequency components. The research effectively broadens the bandwidth of seismic data and improves the resolution of seismic data.

关键词(KeyWords)： 初至波;薄储层;频带;Q补偿;期望输出;分辨率
first break;thin reservoir;frequency band;Q compensation;desired output;resolution

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于孔隙黏弹各向异性介质的古龙页岩油地震波场模拟研究”（42474163）;国家自然科学基金面上项目“稀疏时移地震数据的智能重建”（42574172）;; 黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目“页岩储层智能化全波形反演及高分辨率成像方法研究”（ZD2025E015）

作者(Author): 裴江云,张在金,宋欣悦
Pei Jiangyun,Zhang Zaijin,Song Xinyue

DOI: 10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202601011

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