常宝华,唐永亮,朱松柏,李松林,曹雯
CHANG Baohua,TANG Yongliang,ZHU Songbai,LI Songlin,CAO Wen

• 1:中国石油勘探开发研究院
• 2:中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田分公司

摘要(Abstract)：

塔里木盆地克深气田由多个超深层裂缝性致密砂岩气藏构成,具有埋藏深、压力高、基质致密、裂缝发育及边底水普遍存在等特点,各气藏的储量规模、气水分布及储层裂缝发育情况均存在一定差异。该类气藏的试井曲线表现出与常规认识明显不同的特征,如何通过这些试井特征来深化储层认识并指导开发技术对策的制定是提高其开发效果所面临的重要问题。从全气藏关井压力恢复试井曲线特征分析着手,明确该类气藏典型试井特征及影响因素,对比克深气田各气藏储层裂缝模式及发育程度的差异,提出3方面开发技术对策。研究认为:(1)压力导数曲线后期一般存在明显直线段特征,测试期间(少于300 h)未出现明显的系统径向流特征或出现很晚以及表皮系数较大是塔里木盆地克深气田这类超深层裂缝性致密砂岩气藏较为典型的试井特征;(2)基质致密、大裂缝发育是试井曲线未出现系统径向流(或出现很晚)及大表皮系数特征的主要因素;(3)在排除边界影响后,压力导数曲线直线段斜率可以部分表征储层裂缝模式及发育程度,当直线段斜率接近1/2时,储层大裂缝发育、密度较低、连续性相对较差,当直线段斜率接近1时,储层大裂缝发育、密度较高且连续性相对较好;(4)针对克深气田,提出构造高部位集中布井、优化储层改造规模、控制气藏采气速度、及时优化单井配产及差异性控、治水等开发技术对策,并明确了对于不同裂缝模式及发育程度气藏相应对策的差异。通过研究明确了克深气田试井特征,深化了各气藏储层的认识,并提出了相应开发技术对策,为该气田后期开发调整提供技术支撑,并可以为国内同类气藏的开发提供借鉴。
Keshen Gas Field in Tarim Basin is composed of multiple ultra-deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs characterized by deep burial, high pressure, dense matrix, well-developed fractures and widespread of edge and bottom water. There are also some differences in the reserve scale, gas-water distribution and fracture development of each gas reservoir. The well test curve of this type of gas reservoir shows the characteristics are obviously different from the conventional knowledge. How to make full use of these well test characteristics to deepen the reservoir understandings and guide the making of the development technical countermeasures is an important issue to improve development effects. Starting from the analyses of the shut-in pressure build-up test curve characteristics of the entire gas reservoir, the typical well test characteristics and their influencing factors of this kind of gas reservoir were clarified, and the differences in the fracture modes and developed degrees of each gas reservoir in Keshen Gas Field were compared, then three development technical countermeasures were proposed. The research indicates that:(1)there are generally obvious straight line-segment characteristics in the later stage of pressure derivative curve, and no obvious system radial flow characteristics appears or it appears very late during the test period(<300 hr), and the skin coefficient is large, all of which are typical well test characteristics of the ultra-deep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs as Keshen Gas Field in Tarim Basin;(2)dense matrix and large well-developed fractures are the main factors for the well test curve without system radial flow(or appears late) but with large skin coefficient characteristics;(3)after eliminating the influence of the boundary, the slope of straight line segment of the pressure derivative curve can partly characterize the fracture mode and developed degree of the reservoirs, i.e., when the slope of the straight segment is close to 1/2, the reservoirs have well-developed large fractures with low density and relatively poor continuity; when the slope is close to 1, large reservoir fractures are developed with high density and relatively good continuity;(4)for Keshen Gas Field, such development technical countermeasures were proposed as centralized wells layout in high structural position, optimization of the reservoir reformed scale, control of the gas production rate, timely optimization the production allocation per well and differential water control. In addition, the differences of corresponding countermeasures for the gas reservoirs with different fracture modes and developed degrees were clarified. With the help of the researches, the well test characteristics in Keshen Gas Field were defined, the understandings of each gas reservoir were deepened, and the corresponding development countermeasures were proposed,which provide the technical supports for the later development adjustment of gas field and the references for the development of similar gas reservoirs at home.

关键词(KeyWords)： 塔里木盆地;克深气田;超深层;裂缝性储层;致密砂岩气藏;大裂缝;试井特征;开发技术对策
Tarim Basin;Keshen Gas Field;ultra-deep layer;fractured reservoir;tight sandstone gas reservoir;large fracture;well test characteristic;development technical countermeasure

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大专项“库车坳陷深层—超深层天然气田开发关键技术研究与应用”(2018E-1803)

作者(Author): 常宝华,唐永亮,朱松柏,李松林,曹雯
CHANG Baohua,TANG Yongliang,ZHU Songbai,LI Songlin,CAO Wen

DOI: 10.19597/j.issn.1000-3754.202004037

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