邵红梅,高波,潘会芳,陈国龙,李玲玲
SHAO Hongmei,GAO Bo,PAN Huifang,CHEN Guolong,LI Lingling

• 1:大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院
• 2:黑龙江省陆相页岩油重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

为深化松辽盆地古龙页岩储层成岩—孔隙演化规律的认识,创新页岩微—纳米孔隙成因分析技术,结合岩石薄片鉴定、X衍射全岩矿物、扫描电镜等分析方法,探讨古龙页岩成岩演化规律及其作用下的孔隙成因。结果表明:古龙页岩为黏土质长英页岩,纯页岩厚度比例达95%以上,由粒径小于3.9μm的泥级碎屑组成,主要矿物成分为石英、黏土矿物、长石,黏土矿物类型以伊利石、伊/蒙混层为主。松辽盆地古龙页岩经历了压实、胶结、交代、黏土矿物转化、生烃、溶蚀等成岩作用,其中胶结物类型包括硅质、黏土矿物、碳酸盐和黄铁矿。压实作用、胶结作用影响了粒间孔等原生孔隙的保存和演化。黏土矿物演化和有机质热演化利于优质储层发育。古龙页岩主要处于中成岩A期—B期,有机质在生烃过程中生成大量纳米级有机孔,排出的酸性流体溶解长石等不稳定矿物,为蒙脱石向伊利石转化提供K~+,形成黏土矿物晶间孔、溶蚀孔,黏土矿物、有机质演化过程中,形成大量页理缝,有效改善了页岩的储集能力。
In order to deepen the understandings of diagenesis and pore evolution laws of Qingshankou Formation shale reservoirs in North Songliao Basin, the analysis technique of shale micro-nano pore genesis is innovated. Combined with thin-section identification, whole rock mineral XRD, and SEM analysis, the diagenesis types and pore genesis of Gulong shale are explored. The studies show that Gulong shale is pure continental shale, with thickness more than 95%, and composed of mud-grade debris with particle size less than 3.9 μm, i.e. being clayey felsic shale. The host mineral components are quartz, clay minerals and feldspar. Clay minerals are mainly illite and illite/smectite mixed layers. The shale of Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin has undergone diagenesis of compaction, cementation, metasomatism, clay mineral transformation, hydrocarbon generation and dissolution, with cements including siliceous, carbonate and pyrite. Evolution of inorganic minerals and thermal maturation of organic matter are beneficial to the development of high-quality reservoirs. A large number of nano-sized organic pores are formed in the process of hydrocarbon generation from organic matter, and the discharged acid fluid dissolves unstable minerals such as feldspar and provides K~+ for illite, with intercrystalline pores of clay minerals and dissolved pores formed. Lamellation fractures are formed during transformation of clay minerals and thermal evolution of organic matters, and effectively improve accumulating capacity of the shale. Compaction and cementation affected the preservation and evolution of primary pores such as intergranular pores.

关键词(KeyWords)： 古龙页岩;松辽盆地;黏土矿物;成岩作用;孔隙演化;页理缝
shale;lamellation fracture;clay mineral;diagenesis;pore evolution;Gulong shale oil

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家科技重大专项“松辽盆地北部致密油资源潜力、甜点区预测与关键技术应用”(2016ZX05046-006-002)

作者(Author): 邵红梅,高波,潘会芳,陈国龙,李玲玲
SHAO Hongmei,GAO Bo,PAN Huifang,CHEN Guolong,LI Lingling

DOI: 10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202107032

参考文献(References)：

• [1]邱中建，邓松涛.中国油气勘探的新思维[J].石油学报，2012,33(增刊1):1-5.QIU Zhongjian,DENG Songtao.New thinking of oil-gas exploration in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):1-5.
• [2]刘招君，孙平昌，柳蓉，等.页岩能源共生矿产成矿(藏)地质条件研究：以松辽盆地上白垩统青山口组为例[J].沉积学报，2014,32(3):593-600.LIU Zhaojun,SUN Pingchang,LIU Rong,et al.Research on geological conditions of shale coexistent energy mineralization (accumulation):Take the Qingshankou Formation in Upper Cretaceous,Songliao Basin for example[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(3):593-600.
• [3]邹才能，杨智，崔景伟，等.页岩油形成机制、地质特征及发展对策[J].石油勘探与开发，2013,40(1):14-26.ZOU Caineng,YANG Zhi,CUI Jingwei,et al.Formation mechanism,geological characteristics and development strategy of nonmarine shale oil in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(1):14-26.
• [4]王玉华，梁江平，张金友，等.松辽盆地古龙页岩油资源潜力及勘探方向[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2020,39(3):20-34.WANG Yuhua,LIANG Jiangping,ZHANG Jinyou,et al.Resource potential and exploration direction of Gulong shale oil in Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2020,39(3):20-34.
• [5]刘文平，张成林，高贵冬，等.四川盆地龙马溪组页岩孔隙度控制因素及演化规律[J].石油学报，2017,38(12):15-25.LIU Wenping,ZHANG Chenglin,GAO Guidong,et al.Controlling factors and evolution laws of shale porosity in Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(12):15-25.
• [6]高玉巧，蔡潇，张培先，等.渝东南盆缘转换带五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层孔隙特征与演化[J].天然气工业，2018,32(3):593-600.GAO Yuqiao,CAI Xiao,ZHANG Peixian,et al.Pore characteristics and evolution of Wufeng-Longmaxi Fms shale gas reservoirs in the basin-margin transition zone of SE Chongqing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,32(3):593-600.
• [7]吉利明，吴远东，贺聪，等.富有机质泥页岩高压生烃模拟与孔隙演化特征[J].石油学报，2016,37(2):172-181.JI Liming,WU Yuandong,HE Cong,et al.High-pressure hydrocarbon-generation simulation and pore evolution characteristics of organic-rich mudstone and shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):172-181.
• [8]梁超，姜在兴，杨镱婷，等.四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩岩相及储集空间特征[J].石油勘探与开发，2012,39(6):691-698.LIANG Chao,JIANG Zaixing,YANG Yiting,et al.Characteristics of shale lithofacies and reservoir space of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):691-698.
• [9]孔令明，万茂霞，严玉霞，等.四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩储层成岩作用[J].天然气地球科学，2015,26(8):1547-1555.KONG Lingming,WAN Maoxia,YAN Yuxia,et al.Reservior diagenesis research of Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Matural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(8):1547-1555.
• [10]胡海燕.富有机质Woodford页岩孔隙演化的热模拟实验[J].石油学报，2013,34(5):820-825.HU Haiyan.Porosity evolution of the organic-rich shale with thermal maturity increasing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(5):820-825.
• [11]王秀平，牟传龙，王启宇，等.川南及邻区龙马溪组黑色岩系成岩作用[J].石油学报，2015,36(9):1035-1047.WANG Xiuping,MOU Chuanlong,WANG Qiyu,et al.Diagenesis of black shale in Longmaxi Formation,southern Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1035-1047.
• [12]王玉满，王淑芳，董大忠，等.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩岩相表征[J].地学前缘，2016,23(1):119-133.WANG Yuman,WANG Shufang,DONG Dazhong,et al.Lithofacies characterization of Longmaxi Formation of the Lower Silurian,Southern Sichuan[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):119-133.
• [13]赵迪斐，郭英海，杨玉娟，等.渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩储集层成岩作用及其对孔隙发育的影响[J].古地理学报，2016,18(5):843-856.ZHAO Difei,GUO Yinghai,YANG Yujuan,et al.Shale reservoir diagenesis and its impacts on pores of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in southeastern Chongqing[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2016,18(5):843-856.
• [14]刘树根，马文辛，LUBA J,等.四川盆地东部地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩储层特征[J].岩石学报，2011,27(8):2239-2252.LIU Shugen,MA Wenxin,LUBA J,et al.Characteristics of the shale gas reservoir rocks in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation,East Sichuan basin,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(8):2239-2252
• [15]赵佩，李贤庆，田兴旺，等.川南地区龙马溪组页岩气储层微孔隙结构特征[J].天然气地球科学，2014,25(6):947-956.ZHAO Pei,LI Xianqing,TIAN Xingwang,et al.Study on micropore structure characteristics of Longmaxi Formation shale gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(6):947-956.
• [16]JOEL D W,STEVEN W S.Eagle Ford shale reservoir properties from digital rock physics[J].First Break,2011,29:97-100.
• [17]邹才能，陶士振，侯连华，等.非常规油气地质学[M].北京：地质出版社，2014.ZOU Caineng,TAO Shizhen,HOU Lianhua,et al.Unconventional petroleum geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2014.
• [18]张顺，刘惠民，王敏，等.东营凹陷页岩油储层孔隙演化[J].石油学报，2018,39(7):754-766.ZHANG Shun,LIU Huimin,WANG Min,et al.Pore evolution of shale oil reservoirs in Dongying sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(7):754-766.
• [19]张顺，刘惠民，宋国奇，等.东营凹陷页岩油储集空间成因及控制因素[J].石油学报，2016,37(12):1495-1507.ZHANG Shun,LIU Huimin,SONG Guoqi,et al.Genesis and control factors of shale oil reserving space in Dongying sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(12):1495-1507.
• [20]吴松涛，朱如凯，崔京钢，等.鄂尔多斯盆地长7湖相泥页岩孔隙演化特征[J].石油勘探与开发，2015,42(2):167-176.WU Songtao,ZHU Rukai,CUI Jinggang,et al.Characteristics of lacustrine shale porosity evolution,Triassic Chang 7 Member,Ordos Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):167-176.
• [21]张顺.东营凹陷页岩储层成岩作用及增孔和减孔机制[J].中国矿业大学学报，2018,47(3):562-578.ZHANG Shun.Diagenesis and themechanism of shale reservoir pore increase and reduction in Dongying sag[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Techmology ,2018,47(3):546-562.
• [22]王茂桢，柳少波，任拥军，等.页岩气储层粘土矿物孔隙特征及其甲烷吸附作用[J].地质论评，2015,61(1):207-216.WANG Maozhen,LIU Shaobo,REN Yongjun,et al.Pore Characteristics and Methane Adsorption of Clay Minerals in Shale Gas Reservoir[J].Geology Review,2015,61(1):207-216.
• [23]周莉，杜文学，韩雪，等.黏土矿物微观孔隙结构的分形特征[J].黑龙江科技学院学报，2009,19(2):94-96.ZHOU Li,DU Wenxue,HAN Xue,et al.Fractal characteristics of micro pore structure for clay mineral[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Science & Technology,2009,19(2):94-96.
• [24]马存飞，董春梅，栾国强，等.苏北盆地古近系泥页岩有机质孔发育特征及影响因素[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(3):1-13.MA Cunfei,DONG Chunmei,LUAN Guoqiang,et al.Characteristics and influencing factors of organic-matter pores in Paleogene shale,Subei Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(3):1-13.
• [25]LOUCKS R G,REED R M,RUPPEL S C,et al.Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79:848-861.
• [26]丁娱娇，郭保华，燕兴荣，等.页岩储层有效性识别及物性参数定量评价方法[J].测井技术，2014,38(3):297-303.DING Yujiao,GUO Baohua,YAN Xingrong,et al.On identification shale reservoirs validity and physical parameters quantitative evalution method[J].Well Logging Technology,2014,38(3):297-303.
• [27]宁传祥，姜振学，高之业，等.用核磁共振和高压压汞定量评价储层孔隙连通性：以沾化凹陷沙三下亚段为例[J].中国矿业大学学报，2017,46(3):559-566.NING Chuanxiang,JIANG Zhenxue,GAO Zhiye,et al.Quantitative evaluation of pore connectivity with nuclear magnetic resonance and high pressure mercury injection:A case study of the lower section of Es3 in Zhanhua sag[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2017,46(3):559-566.
• [28]黄潇，张金川，李晓光，等.陆相页岩孔隙类型、特征及油气共聚过程探讨：以辽河坳陷西部凹陷为例[J].天然气地球科学，2015,26(7):1422-1432.HUANG Xiao,ZHANG Jinchuan,LI Xiaoguang,et al.Pore types and characteristics of continental shale and discussion on the process of oil and gas accumulation:A case study of the Western Sag of Liaohe Depression[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1422-1432.
• [29]于炳松.页岩气储层孔隙分类与表征[J].地学前缘，2013,20(4):211-220.YU Bingsong.Classification and characterization of gas shale pore system[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(4):211-220.
• [30]焦淑静，张慧，薛东川，等.泥页岩孔隙类型、形态特征及成因研究[J].电子显微学报，2015,34(5):421-427.JIAO Shujing,ZHANG Hui,XUE Dongchuan,et al.Study on morphological characteristics of micropores and microcracks in shale[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,2015,34(5):421-427.
• [31]朱如凯，白斌，吴松涛，等.页岩泥岩储层微观孔喉结构[M].北京：地质出版社，2020.ZHU Rukai,BAI Bin,WU Songtao,et al.The microstructure characteristics of Paleogene shale reservoir[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2020.
• [32]冯子辉，柳波，邵红梅，等.松辽盆地古龙地区青山口组泥页岩成岩演化与储集性能[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2020,39(3):72-85.FENG Zihui,LIU Bo,SHAO Hongmei,et al.The diagenesis evolution and accumulating performance of the mud shale in Qingshannkou Formation in Gulong area,Songliao Basin [J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2020,39(3):72-85.
• [33]邵红梅，高波，洪淑新，等.页岩油储层实验技术进展及应用：以松辽盆地古龙地区为例[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2020,39(3):97-106.SHAO Hongmei,GAO Bo,HONG Shuxin,et al.Process and application of the experimental technologies for the shale oil reservoirs:A case study on Gulong area in Songliao Basin [J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2020,39(3):97-106.
• [34]邹才能，朱如凯，吴松涛，等.常规与非常规油气聚集类型、特征、机理及展望[J].石油学报，2012,33(2):173-187.ZOU Caineng,ZHU Rukai,WU Songtao,et al.Types,characteristics,genesis and prospects of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):173-187.
• [35]崔景伟，朱如凯，崔京钢.页岩孔隙演化及其与残留烃量的关系：来自地质过程约束下模拟实验的证据[J].地质学报，2013,87(5):730-736.CUI Jingwei,ZHU Rukai,CUI Jinggang.Relationship of porous evolution and residual hydrocarbon:Evidence from modeling experiment with geological constraint[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(5):730-736.
• [36]陈更生，董大忠，王世谦，等.页岩气藏形成机理与富集规律初探[J].天然气工业，2009,29 (5) :17-21.CHEN Gengsheng,DONG Dazhong,WANG Shiqian,et al.A preliminary study on accumulation mechanism and enrichment pattern of shale gas[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29 (5) :17-21.
• [37]蔡进功，卢龙飞，丁飞，等.烃源岩中黏土与可溶有机质相互作用研究展望[J].同济大学学报，2009,37(12):1679-1684.CAI Jingong,LU Longfei,DING Fei,et al.Research prospect of interaction between clay and soluble organic matter in source rocks[J].Journal of Tongji University,2009,37(12):1679-1684.